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Environmental information systems
Investment needed to achieve climate targets
Chart (interactive)
This figure shows the total annual investment needed to achieve specific EU climate targets. This is split by average annual current investment levels in line with achieving climate targets and the investment gap (total annual investment need minus average annual current investment levels). The data is further split by sector where available in specific studies. Values are displayed in EUR billions (EUR2024).
Values show billion EUR2024 of annual investments. Values from different sources rely on different monetary years and therefore they have been converted into constant costs in EUR2024 using the Eurostat GDP deflator (8). Different studies have different sectoral scopes and different temporal ranges for investments needed and historic investments; hence, the values are not always directly comparable. The European Commission sources show average historic emissions from 2011 to 2020, I4CE values are an average of investments between 2020 and 2023 and the Rosseau Institut uses a business-as-usual scenario. Investment needs usually factor in average annual investments from the source publication date up to the target year. However, European Commission 2024 (2040 SWD) only takes into account annual investments from 2031 to 2040 and 2031 to 2050. Abbreviations are as follows: NZIA, Net-Zero Industry Act; I4CE, Institute for Climate Economics; SWD, Staff Working Document.
The sources for this note can be found in the chart sources
Assessment
Data sources
Metadata
More info
- Investment report 2022/2023 - Resilience and renewal in Europe, European Investment Bank (EIB)
- European Climate Investment Deficit report: an investment pathway for Europe’s future, Instiute for climate economics (I4CE)
- Road ot Net Zero, Institut Rosseau
- Monitoring Capital Flows to Sustianable Investments, EU Platform on Sustainable finance
- Cyprus
- Portugal
- Spain
- Malta
- Denmark
- United Kingdom
- Sweden
- Netherlands
- Austria
- Belgium
- Germany
- Luxembourg
- Ireland
- France
- Slovakia
- Czechia
- Italy
- Slovenia
- Greece
- Estonia
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Finland
- Hungary
- Bulgaria
- Poland
- Romania
2030
2040
2050
Additional info
Abbreviations are as follows: CTP, Climate Target Plan; NZIA, Net-Zero Industry Act; EIB, European Investment Bank; I4CE, Institute for Climate Economics; SWD, Staff Working Document.
Source: EEA meta-compilation of multiple sources
Methodology
Values from different sources rely on different monetary years and therefore they have been converted into constant costs in EUR2024 using the Eurostat GDP deflator. Different studies have different sectoral scopes and different temporal ranges for investments needed and investments currently achieved; hence, the values are not always directly comparable. Investment needs usually factor in average annual investments from the source publication date up to the target year. However, European Commission 2024 (2040 SWD) only takes into account annual investments from 2031-2040 and 2031-2050. Investment currently achieved is an average annual investment usually for the 10 year period prior to the publication of the study. Current investments achieved differ, owing to different scopes and temporal ranges of the various studies. Regarding sectoral coverage this differs by study. Only the Platform on Sustainable FInance study includes dedicated investments for climate change adaptiation. All other studies include transport investments, which are mostly based (~60%) on private consumption of vehicles (i.e. buying electric vehicles).