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Environmental information systems
The indicator shows total economic losses from weather- and climate-related extreme events (such as windstorms, flooding, heatwaves, cold spells, droughts or wildfires) per country and per year (since 1980). A moving average for the previous 30 years is added because of the large interannual variability of the losses.
The projected levels of climate change would make Bosnia and Herzegovina increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards. Weather-related disasters cause economic losses of up to 1.5% in gross domestic product (GDP) per year for the region. More than 20% of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina is prone to floods, which on average affect approximately 100 000 people and cause GDP losses of approximately USD 600 million per year. In 2012, the country experienced a prolonged period of severe drought, causing losses in agricultural production of approximately USD 1 billion; grain and vegetable yields were reduced by approximately 70%, and energy production was reduced by approximately 25%. In addition, wildfires are a growing threat, increasing by a staggering factor of 17 between 2011 and 2021.
Budget allocations for climate actions are limited, and adaptation finance relies heavily on the private sector and international donors. A benefit–cost analysis of structural adaptation measures in agriculture, forestry and tourism shows positive cost–benefit rates ranging from 1.06 to 14.15. Accordingly, more concerted action will be needed, including strengthening capacities to access EU and international donor funding, better mobilisation of private financing and better use of public finances.
References and footnotes
- World Bank Group, Climate Risk Country Profile: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Washington DC, 2021.↵
- ↵UNFCCC, Nationally determined contribution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (NDC) for the period 2020–2030, Sarajevo, 2021, https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDC%20BiH_November%202020%20FINAL%20DRAFT%2005%20Nov%20ENG%20LR.pdf.
- World Bank Group, Western Balkans 6: Country climate and development report, Washington DC, 2024.a b
- ↵Cupać, R., Trbić, G. and Zahirović, E., ‘Cost–benefit analysis of climate change adaptation measures in Bosnia and Herzegovina’, Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, Vol. 5, No 26, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-020-00160-4.