Figure

Average annual runoff

Figure Created 12 Nov 2009 Published 12 Nov 2009 Last modified 29 Nov 2012

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Topics: Water and marine environment

Notes: Map prepared at a 10 km x 10 km grid resolution, showing average run-off with some smoothing of local detail

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/average-annual-runoff/3-5-1runoff.eps/image_large

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Metadata

Methodology:: Using river flow data from the FRIEND European Water Archive (Gustard, A. [ed.] [1993]: Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data [FRIEND]. In Hydrological Studies, Vol. 1. Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK) and climatological data from the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia (Hulme, M., Conway, D., Jones, P.D., Barrow, E.M., Jiang, T. and Turney, C. [1995]: A 1961-90 climatology for Europe for climate change modelling and impacts applications. In Int. Jnl. Clim., Vol. 15, p. 1333-1363).
Rights:: EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (https://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright).
Processors:: UNEP GRID Warszawa
Figure type:: Map

Additional information

Based on gauged data from hydrometric networks. Run-off in ungauged areas estimated from an empirical relationship relating run-off to precipitation and potential evaporation (Budyko, M.I. and Zubenok, L.I. [1961]: The determination of evaporation from the land surface. Izv. Akad, Nauk SSSR. In Ser. Geogr., No 6, p. 3-17).