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Indicator Specification
Since the mid 1980s various policy measures have been introduced to limit or phase-out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in order to protect the stratospheric ozone layer from depletion. This indicator tracks progress towards these objectives of limiting or phasing-out production and consumption of ODS.
ODS mitigation measures typically focus upon controlling the production and consumption of ODS rather than limiting emissions per se. This is because emissions from multiple ODS-consuming small sources are much more difficult to monitor accurately than industrial production and consumption. Consumption is the driver of industrial production. Production and consumption can precede emissions by many years, as emissions generally occur after disposal of those products in which ODS are used (fire-extinguishers, refrigerators, etc.).
Release of ODS to the atmosphere leads to depletion of the earth's ozone layer. The stratospheric ozone layer protects humans and the environment from harmful ultra-violet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun. Ozone is destroyed by chlorine and bromine atoms which are released in the stratosphere from man-made chemicals - including CFCs, halons, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, HCFCs (all anthropogenic chemicals) and methyl chloride and methyl bromide. Depletion of stratospheric ozone leads to increases in ambient ultra-violet radiation at the surface, which has a wide variety of adverse effects on human health, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and food chains.
This indicator quantifies the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in Europe. ODS are long-lived chemicals that contain chlorine or/and bromine and that destroy the stratospheric ozone layer.
Tonnes of ODS weighted by their Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
Following agreement of the Vienna convention (1985) and the Montreal protocol (1987) and its subsequent amendments and adjustments, policy measures have been taken to limit or phase-out production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to protect the stratospheric ozone layer against depletion. This indicator tracks progress towards this limiting or phasing-out production and consumption of ODS.
For the European Union, the ratification rates were the following:
|
Treaty |
Date of Ratification |
|---|---|
|
17 Oct 1988 |
|
|
16 Dec 1988 |
|
|
20 Dec 1991 |
|
|
20 Nov 1995 |
|
|
17 Nov 2000 |
|
|
25 Mar 2002 |
The international target under the Ozone Conventions and Protocols is the complete phase-out of ODS, according to the schedule below.
Countries falling under Article 5, paragraph 1 of the Montreal Protocol are considered as developing countries under the protocol. Phase-out schedules for Article 5(1) countries are delayed by 10 - 20 years as compared to non-article 5(1) countries.
| Montreal protocol | EEA member ountries |
|---|---|
| article 5(1) | Cyprus, Malta, Romania and Turkey |
| non-article 5(1) | all other EEA member countries |
Summary of phase-out schedule for non-article 5(1) countries, including Beijing adjustments.
| Group | Phase-out schedule for non-article 5(1) countries | Remark |
|---|---|---|
| Annex-A, group 1: CFCs (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115) | Base level: 1986 100% reduction by 1-1-1996 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
| Annex A, group 2: Halons (halon 1211, halon 1301, halon 2402) | Base level: 1986 100% reduction by 1-1-1994 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
| Annex B, group 1: Other fully halogenated CFCs (CFC-13, CFC-111, CFC-112, CFC-211, CFC-212, CFC-213, CFC-214, CFC-215, CFC-216, CFC-217) | Base level: 1989 100% reduction by 1-1-1996 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
| Annex B, group 2: Carbontetrachloride (CCl4) | Base level: 1989 100% reduction by 1-1-1996 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
| Annex B, group 3: 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CH3CCl3) (=methyl chloroform) | Base level: 1989 100% reduction by 1-1-1996 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
| Annex C, group 1: HCFCs (HydroChloroFluoroCarbons) | Base level: 1989 HCFC consumption + 2.8 % of 1989 CFC consumption Freeze: 1996 35 % reduction by 1-1-2004 65 % reduction by 1-1-2010 90 % reduction by 1-1-2015 99.5 % reduction by 1-1-2020, and thereafter consumption restricted to the servicing of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment existing at that date. 100 % reduction by 1-1-2030 | Applicable to consumption |
| Base level: Average of 1989 HCFC production + 2.8 % of 1989 CFC production and 1989 HCFC consumption + 2.8 % of 1989 CFC consumption Freeze: 1-1-2004, at the base level for production | Applicable to production | |
| Annex C, group 2: HBFCs (HydroBromoFluoroCarbons) | Base level: year not specified. 100% reduction by 1-1-1996 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
| Annex C, group 3: Bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl) | Base level: year not specified. 100% reduction by 1-1-2002 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
| Annex E, group 1: Methyl bromide (CH3Br) | Base level: 1991 Freeze: 1-1-1995 25 % reduction by 1-1-1999 50 % reduction by 1-1-2001 75 % reduction by 1-1-2003 100 % reduction by 1-1-2005 (with possible essential use exemptions) | Applicable to production and consumption |
The indicator presents production and consumption in units of tonnes of ODS, which is the amount of ODS produced or consumed, multiplied by their respective ozone depleting potential value. The UNEP - Ozone secretariat data are already provided in tonnes of Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP tonnes). All data can be downloaded from http://ozone.unep.org/Data_Access/
How is production and consumption calculated?
http://ozone.unep.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions/faqs_compliance.shtml
Calculation formulae are defined by Articles 1 and 3 of the Montreal Protocol.
Simple definition:
Consumption = Production + Imports - Exports
Subtract Destroyed amounts
Subtract Feedstock Uses
Exclude Quarantine and Pre-shipment applications for methyl bromide
Include Exports to non-Parties as consumption
Parties report each of the above components annually to the Ozone Secretariat in the official data reporting forms. The Parties do not, however, make the above subtractions and other calculations themselves. The Ozone Secretariat performs this task
Calculated Production = (Production - Feedstock Production - Feedstock Exports - Quarantine Production) - Destroyed
Calculated Consumption = (Production - Feedstock Production - Quarantine Production) + (Imports - Feedstock Imports - Quarantine Imports) - (Exports - Quarantine Exports) - Destroyed + Non Party Exports
Parties that only import ozone-depleting substances, ODS, (that is, they do not produce ODS, use ODS for feedstock, destroy ODS or re-export ODS) will usually have zero annual calculated production of ODS, and their annual calculated consumption will be equal to their imports.
(Feedstock Production is only for internal use)
(Quarantine Production is both for internal use and for export)
No gap filling takes place.
---
Policies focuses on the production and consumption of ODS rather than emissions. The reason is that emissions from multiple small sources are much more difficult to monitor accurately than industrial production and consumption. Consumption is the driver for industrial production. Production and consumption can precede emissions by many years, as emissions typically take place after disposal of products in which ODS are used (fire-extinguishers, refrigerators, etc.).
Work specified here requires to be completed within 1 year from now.
Work specified here will require more than 1 year (from now) to be completed.
No resource needs have been specified
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/production-and-consumption-of-ozone or scan the QR code.
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