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Indicator Assessment
Over the period 1990-2008, energy efficiency in the household sector increased by 19% in EU-27 countries, or 1.1%/year, driven by the diffusion of more efficient buildings, space heating technologies and electrical appliances. Over the same period, the final energy consumption of households increased by about 13%, at an annual average rate of 0.7%. Electricity consumption grew much faster at an annual growth rate of 1.9%. Per capita household energy consumption in EU-27 and EEA countries only slightly increased over the period (0.4%/year). Since the year 2005 however, energy consumption per capita in the household sector decreased in almost all countries. The energy consumption of households is influenced mainly by two opposite drivers. Efficiency improvements in space heating and large electrical appliances reduces the consumption while increasing size of dwellings and increased use of electrical appliances and central heating contribute to increase the consumption and offset part of the energy efficiency benefits. CO2 emissions per dwelling were 24% below their 1990 level in 2008, mainly because of CO2 savings resulting from switches to fuel with a lower CO2 content.
Odyssee energy efficiency index (ODEX) (EU-27)
Note: For households, the ODEX is carried out at the level of 3 end-uses (heating, water heating, cooking) and 5 large appliances (refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, dishwashers and TVs)
ODYSSEE. Household energy efficiency. The Odyssee database is available at http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/
The access is restricted to project partners or subscribers.
[1] Estimation based on the relative performance of new buildings built with new regulations, based on building codes, compared to the performance of new buildings built in 1990.
[2] Source: GFK quoted in CECED presentation at EEDAL '09 http://www.ceced.org/IFEDE//easnet.dll/GetDoc?APPL=1&DAT_IM=20DA43
Influence of climate on household energy consumption per dwelling
% change in household final energy consumption per person, 1990-2007
Note: Based on the ratio : energy consumption / population (%/year calculated on the period 1990-2007)
EUROSTAT. Final energy consumption - Households. Energy consumption available at: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nrg_100a&lang=en Reference of the table : nrg_100a. Code of the dataserie : 102010
EUROSTAT. Population. Data on population (by sex and age on 1st January of each year) available at http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/setupModifyTableLayout.do. Reference of the table : populat. Code of the dataserie : demo_pjan
Influence of income and energy prices on household consumption per dwelling
Note: The graph characterizes the average consumption per households (at normal climate) in relation to the evolution of prices and incomes. The income per households for EU-27 as a whole is the sum of the 27 EU countries based on national Odyssee data.
ODYSSEE. Household energy efficiency by country. The Odyssee database is available at http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/
The access is restricted to project partners or subscribers.
Useful energy requirement per m2 per degree-day for space heating
Note: The unit consumption in useful terms is calulated by multiplying the final consumption for each fuel by the heating efficiency for that fuel.
ODYSSEE. Consumption per m2 and degree-day. The Odyssee database is available at http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/
The access is restricted to project partners or subscribers.
Drivers of the change in average annual energy consumption of households (see methodology in sheet EU-27 ODEX)
Note: The energy consumption of households is decomposed in different explanatory effects: change in average dwelling size, increasing number of appliances (more electrical appliances) and central heating diffusion, energy efficiency improvement (as measured from ODEX) and change in behaviour related to more confort.
ODYSSEE.Drivers of the change in average annual energy consumption per household. The Odyssee database is available at http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/
The access is restricted to project partners or subscribers.
Energy consumption by end uses per dwelling
Note: Based on the ratio: energy consumption by end uses divided by the number of permanently occupied dwelling.
ODYSSEE. Unit consumption per dwelling by end uses: space heating, water heating, cooking. The Odyssee database is available at http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/
The access is restricted to project partners or subscribers.
Households energy consumption by end uses
[1] The floor area per dwelling for EU27 is extrapolated from the weighted average floor area of dwellings of 19 countries.
[2] The penetration of central heating was also significant in the other countries, but mainly before 1990.
[3] These figures are based on estimates (e.g. from surveys) or modeling as it is not possible to measure this directly. It is difficult, for example, to distinguish between households where a central boiler provides both space and water heating or the dwelling uses electricity for heating. The proportion used for space heating depends on factors such as climatic conditions, the level of thermal efficiency of buildings or the level of comfort. See also meta data description for details.
Energy Efficiency ODEX by country
Variation in direct CO2 emission from household (EU27)
CO2 emissions per dwelling, climate corrected (EU-27)
Note: CO2 emissions per dwelling: direct and indirect emissions
ODYSSEE. . The Odyssee database is available at http://www.odyssee-indicators.org/
The access is restricted to project partners or subscribers.
EEA. CO2 emissions for residential and CO2 emissions of public electricity and heat production based on the Annual European Community Greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2007 and inventory report 2009. Available at: http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/PivotApp/pivot.aspx?pivotid=475
[1] An increased use of electricity decreases CO2 emissions but increases the indirect emissions.
Household consumption: tons of oil equivalent (TOE)
ODEX index: #
CO2 emissions: MtCO2
No targets have been specified
Energy efficiency indices (ODEX) can be defined as a ratio between the actual energy consumption of the sector in year t and the sum of the implied energy consumption from each underlying sub-sector/ end use in year t (based on the unit consumption of the sub-sector with a moving reference year. The evaluation of energy savings in household is carried out at the level of three end uses (heating, water heating and cooking) and five large appliances (refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, dishwashers and TVs). For each end use, the following indicators are used to measure efficiency progress: heating — unit consumption per m2 per dwelling equivalent to central heating at normal climate; water heating — unit consumption per dwelling with water heating; and cooking — unit consumption per dwelling. The average energy consumption per m2 per dwelling equivalent to central heating is used to leave out the impact of the diffusion of central heating. The effect of (heating) behaviour was estimated by assuming that technical progress cannot be reversed. Odyssee index: see http://www.odyssee-indicators.org
Change in households final energy consumption per person: (final energy consumption per country2007 /population per country2007) / (final energy consumption per country1990 /population per country1990) – 1
Energy consumption by end use per dwelling: final energy consumption per country / number of dwellings per country.
Energy consumption per m2 for space heating : final energy consumption for space heating / (number of dwelling * dwelling size)
Energy consumption per dwelling or m2 at normal climate: sum of heating consumption at normal climate and the non heating consumption/ number of dwellings
Heating consumption per dwelling at normal climate : energy consumption * HDDn/HDD with HDD: observed Heating Degree Days in current year and HDDn number of degree days for a normal year (long-term average degree days over last 30 years; source Eurostat); number of degree days by country population weighted
CO2 emissions space heating per m2, climate corrected: CO2 emissions from space heating per dwelling climate corrected / average floor area of dwellings
Box: Explanation of the calculation of the energy consumption by end use: case of gas used for space heating
• If Eurostat gas consumption of households is X Mtoe for EU-27;
• From the sample of countries for which data are available by end use, the consumption of gas for space heating, YH, is calculated from the sum of countries;
• From the same sample of countries, the total consumption of gas, Y, is calculated from the sum of countries
• The share of space heating in gas consumption SH in the sample of countries is equal to YH/Y
• To get the consumption of gas for space heating (XH) at the EU level we assume that the share is the same as for the sample of countries XH = X* SH
No methodology references available.
No uncertainty has been specified
Not all data is available for all countries. Availability for data on years earlier than 2007, is higher.
Odyssee data is recently updated (August 2009).
The reliability of total household energy consumption and related CO2 emissions is reliable due to trustworthy statistics underlying it. Division of the energy consumption among activities (heating / cooking etc.) is less accurate, because it is based on assumptions.
No uncertainty has been specified
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/energy-efficiency-and-energy-consumption-2/assessment or scan the QR code.
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