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Raba zemljišč

Spremeni jezik
Stran Zadnja sprememba 23.11.2020
1 min read
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Evropa je ena izmed najintenzivneje izrabljanih celin na svetu, z največjim deležem rabe zemljišč (do 80 %) za bivališča, proizvodne sisteme (vključno s kmetijstvom in gozdarstvom) in infrastrukturo. Pogosto se pojavljajo nasprotujoče si zahteve glede rabe zemljišč, pri katerih so potrebne odločitve, ki zahtevajo težke kompromise. V Evropi na rabo zemljišč vpliva več pomembnih dejavnikov: vse večje povpraševanje po življenjskem prostoru na osebo ter povezanost med gospodarsko dejavnostjo, povečano mobilnostjo in rastjo prometne infrastrukture navadno vodi v infrastrukturno zasedenost zemljišč. Zemljišča so omejen vir: njihova raba je eden glavnih razlogov za okoljske spremembe ter močno vpliva na kakovost življenja in ekosisteme in tudi na upravljanje infrastrukture.

Evropa je mozaik krajin, ki odražajo postopne spremembe, ki so se zaradi rabe zemljišč zgodile v preteklosti. Tudi danes se krajina in okolje še naprej spreminjata, spremembe pa povzročajo velike in pogosto nepopravljive posledice, povezane z rabo zemljišč. Neskladnost med potrebo družbe po virih in prostoru na eni strani, ter zmožnostjo zemljišča na drugi, da zadosti tem potrebam, skoraj povsod povzroča napetosti. Dejanski položaj pa vodi k pretirani rabi krajin, ekosistemov in okolij ter njihovemu čedalje hitrejšemu propadanju. Vidik dolgoročnega upravljanja je zato nujno potreben.

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Indicator Assessment
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Land take Land take as a result of the expansion of residential areas and construction sites is the main cause of the increase in urban land coverage in Europe. Agricultural zones and, to a lesser extent, forests and semi-natural and natural areas are disappearing in favour of the development of artificial surfaces. This affects biodiversity since it decreases habitats and fragments the landscapes that support and connect them. Between 2006 and 2012, the annual land take in the European countries (EEA-39) assessed in the 2012 Corine land cover (CLC) project was approximately 107 000 ha/year. The figure for the 2000-2006 period was approximately 118 000 ha/year. In the 28 countries 1 covered by all three CLC assessment periods (1990-2000, 2000-2006 and 2006-2012), annual land take decreased by 10.5 % between 2000 and 2006, and by 13.5 % between 2006 and 2012. In absolute values, the annual land take in these 28 countries was 114 000 ha/year (1990-2000), 102 000 ha/year (2000-2006) and 98 500 ha/year (2006-2012). Between 2000 and 2006, more arable land and permanent crops were taken by artificial development than between 1990 and 2000, while fewer pastures and less mosaic farmland were taken over the same period. In fact, between 2006 and 2012, the types of land most taken for artificial development were arable land and permanent crops, followed by pastures and mixed agricultural areas.   1 The 28 countries covered by all three CLC assessment periods are AT, BE, BG, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FR, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, ME, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, RS, SI, SK, TR and UK.

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For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/sl/themes/landuse/intro or scan the QR code.

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