Relative change in land cover within 10 km of the coast in 27 European countries * 2000–2006

Figure Created 12 Nov 2010 Published 12 Nov 2010 Last modified 29 Nov 2012
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* including 20 EU Member States, data not available for Greece and the United Kingdom.
https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/land-cover-change-within-the-10-km-coastal-zone-of-17-eu-countries-1990/chapter-5-figure-5-11-belgrade.eps/image_large

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Between 2000 and 2006 three main types of coastal land-use trends occured:

  • artificial surfaces increased by almost 1 500 km2 (slightly smaller than the surface of Tenerife);
  • pasture and mixed farmland showed a major decrease of more than 500 km2;
  • arable lands and permanent crops decreased by 400 km2.

These figures should be read in conjunction with those for Coastal ecosystems (figure 9.1). It can be seen that the general impacts in the (wider) coastal zone are greater as a proportion of area to those specifically within coastal ecosystems.

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Marine and coastal environment — SOER 2010 thematic assessment European marine regions include the north-east Atlantic and Arctic oceans, and the Mediterranean, Black and Baltic seas. Human activities — such as fishing, aquaculture and agriculture — and climate change cause large and severe impacts on Europe's coastal and marine ecosystems. The EU objective of halting biodiversity loss by 2010 has not been met in either the coastal or the marine environment. Recognising the need for an integrated ecosystem-based approach to reduce pressures, the EU Integrated Maritime Policy allows for the development of sea-related activities in a sustainable manner. Its environmental pillar, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, aims to deliver 'good environmental status' of the marine environment by 2020, and the Common Fisheries Policy will be reformed in 2012 with the aim of achieving sustainable fisheries. Complementary policy efforts include the EU Water Framework Directive and other freshwater legislation, and the Habitats and Birds Directives.
10 messages for 2010 - Coastal ecosystems Key messages: 1) As an interface between land and sea, European coastlines provide vital resources for wildlife, but also for the economy and human health and well-being. 2) Multiple pressures, including habitat loss and degradation, pollution, climate change and overexploitation of fish stocks, affect coastal ecosystems. 3) Coastal habitat types and species of Community interest are at risk in Europe; two thirds of coastal habitat types and more than half of coastal species have an unfavourable conservation status. 4) Integrated and ecosystem-based approaches provide the foundation for sustainable coastal management and development, supporting socio-economic development, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Coordinated action at the global, regional and local levels will be key to sustainable management of coastal ecosystems.
EU 2010 Biodiversity Baseline The EU 2010 Biodiversity Baseline provides facts and figures on the state and trends of the different biodiversity and ecosystem components. It thereby supports the EU in developing the post‑2010 sub‑targets and provides factual data for measuring and monitoring progress in the EU from 2011 to 2020.
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