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This interactive map gives a European overview of water stress conditions. The information presented may deviate from that available in the EEA member countries and cooperating countries, particularly for those countries where data availability is insufficient in the WISE SoE – Water quantity database (WISE 3). Data on hydro-climatic variables was aggregated from a daily to a monthly scale. Water abstraction data was taken from WISE 3 (annual resolution at the national scale), although there are large gaps in the time series. Therefore, intensive gap filling was performed on water abstraction data and proxies were used to disaggregate the data from the national to the sub-basin scale. Information on water use was mainly modelled on the UWWTP capacities, the E-PRTR database and the Eurostat Population change dataset (online data code [demo_gind]) among others. See the methodology chapter for further explanation of gap filling, and spatial and temporal disaggregation, and the data uncertainties chapter for current data availability. This interactive map allows users to explore changes over time in water abstraction by source, water use by sector and water stress level at sub-basin or river basin scale. The WEI+ has been estimated as the quarterly average per river basin district, for the years 1990-2015, as defined in the European catchments and rivers network system (ECRINS). The ECRINS delineation of river basin districts differs slightly from that defined by Member States under the Water Framework Directive. The Ecrins delineation is used instead of WFD because it contains geo-spatial information on Europe’s hydrographical systems with full topological information enabling flow estimation between upstream and downstream basins, as well as integration of economic data collected at NUTS or country level. In addition to using e WISE SoE – Water quantity database, a comprehensive manual data collection was performed by accessing all open sources (Eurostat, OECD, FAO) including national statistical offices of the countries. This was done because of the temporal and spatial gaps in the data on water abstraction. Moreover, a large part of the stream flow data from LISFLOOD has also been substantially updated by the Directorate-General Joint Research Centre. Similarly, a comprehensive update with climatic parameters has been performed by the EEA based on the E-OBS dataset. Therefore, the time series of the WEI+ presented in the current version might be slightly different for some basins compared with the previous version.
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Latest measurements from Europe's air quality monitoring network
This web map application enables the user to visualise the land recycling indicator for each of the Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) by entering the name of a city in the search window. When clicking the city of interest on the map, the following statistics are displayed in a window: land recycling as a percentage of total land consumption and the three components of land recycling (densification, grey recycling and green recycling) as a proportion of land take. For the three land recycling components, values above 1 indicate that the particular land recycling component predominates over land take. Values below 1 indicate that land take predominates over the particular land recycling component. For a complete overview, consult our interactive data viewer (see assessment text).
This map illustrates the overall pressures to water from the aggregated releases of the eight heavy metals. Values (in kilograms) of the individual releases are first multiplied by a respective ‘eco-toxicity factor’, sourced from the USEtox model. Results are then aggregated, first by facility and then illustrated spatially using a standard heat map tool.
This map illustrates the overall pressures to air from the aggregated releases of the eight heavy metals. Values (in kilograms) of the individual releases are first multiplied by a respective ‘eco-toxicity factor’, sourced from the USEtox model. Results are then aggregated, first by facility and then illustrated spatially using a standard heat map tool.
Bathing water monitoring by country. Please note: for the scales 1:5.000.001 and less detailed, data are aggregated by country. In such case, stacked bars show percentage of bathing water quality for coastal and inland waters together. Number of bathing waters within certain category is seen in pop up window which can be turned on with a click on one of the countries. For the scale range 1:5 000.000 to 1:700,001, individual bathing water sites (points) are visible instead of classified stacked charts and are coloured according to the classification of bathing water quality. Symbol size depends on the map scale (in more detailed map scales symbols are bigger). For the scales 1:700,000 and more detailed, symbol of bather in a square appears instead of points. Symbol size depends on the map scale.
The map shows an overview of protected sites in Europe. Natura 2000 is an ecological network of protected areas, set up to ensure the survival of Europe's most valuable species and habitats. Nationally designated areas (CDDA) is a European inventory of protected areas designated by the national authorities. Name and site code will display when clicking on the map. For some areas it is necessary to zoom in before the information will display.
Classes represent the number of meshes per 1 000 square kilometres. Light colours mean less fragmentation pressure and dark colours mean more fragmentation pressure exerted by urban and transport infrastructure expansion.
The map reflects the most recent available information at the EU-level on implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) in EU 28 plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland based on data reported by the Member States (for reference years 2013 or 2014) in 2015.
How clean is the air you’re breathing right now? How does the air in your city compare with that of a neighbouring city or region? Air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk in Europe. The European Environment Agency's European Air Quality Index allows users to understand more about air quality where they live. Displaying up-to-the-minute data for the whole of Europe, users can gain new insights into the air quality of individual countries, regions and cities.
Ecological network of European protected areas
Noise pollution is a major environmental concern in Europe. Explore NOISE maps to see environmental noise from roads, railways, airports, industry and in cities where you live.
Indicators to characterise green infrastructure at the city level and in the peri-urban area
The map shows the mean annual concentration of total phosphorus (TP), expressed as milligrams of TP per litre of water, observed in lakes and reservoirs monitoring stations and reported by EEA member countries via WISE. For most countries the mean annual value is based on observations over the whole year, whereas some countries only collect samples during the growing season (due to ice cover in winter). Total phosphorus includes all phosphorus components in water: phosphate, dissolved organic phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in algal and bacterial cells, as well as in mineral particles (e.g. clay). High or increased (compared to reference condition) concentration of total phosphorus represents a risk to normal functioning of lake ecosystems, causing eutrophication with potentially harmful or toxic algal blooms in the surface waters, reduced biodiversity, and oxygen deficiency in the bottom waters. The purpose of the map is to provide an overview of the mean annual value of total phosphorus in lakes and reservoirs across Europe and to enable the user to compare values per country, River Basin District (RBD) or individual monitoring station, depending on the scale of visualisation. Historical data since 1993 can be displayed using the time slider.
The map shows the mean annual concentration of nitrates (NO3), expressed as milligrams of NO3-N per litre of water, observed in river monitoring stations and reported by EEA member countries via WISE. For most countries the mean annual value is based on observations over the whole year, whereas some countries only collect samples during the growing season (due to ice cover in winter). Nitrates in excess can cause eutrophication in downstream coastal waters by stimulating excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants (when nitrogen is the limiting factor for growth) and indirectly causing oxygen deficiency in the bottom waters and reduced biodiversity. High concentration of nitrates also represents a health risk in drinking water (the World Health Organization guideline for drinking water is less 10 mg NO3-N/L, which is the equivalent to approximately 50 mg NO3/L). The purpose of the map is to provide an overview of the mean annual value of nitrates in rivers across Europe and to enable the user to compare values per country, River Basin District (RBD) or individual monitoring station, depending on the scale of visualisation. Historical data since 1993 can be displayed using the time slider.
The map shows the location of the water quantity monitoring stations reported by EEA member countries via WISE SoE reporting. Streamflow gauging stations represent points where river discharge (streamflow) is measured (in cubic metres per second) on a daily time step. The purpose of the map is to provide an overview of the density and coverage of streamflow monitoring networks across Europe.
The map shows the mean annual concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), expressed as milligrams of NO2-N per litre of water, observed in groundwater monitoring stations and reported by EEA member countries via WISE. The purpose of the map is to provide an overview of the mean annual value of ammonium in groundwater across Europe and to enable the user to compare values per country or per groundwater body, depending on the scale of visualisation. Historical data since 2000 can be displayed using the time slider, and different horizons can be selected using the layers menu.
The map shows the mean annual concentration of orthophosphates (OP), expressed as milligrams of PO4-P per litre of water, observed in river monitoring stations and reported by EEA member countries via WISE. For most countries the mean annual value is based on observations over the whole year, whereas some countries only collect samples during the growing season (due to ice cover in winter). High or increased (compared to reference condition) concentration of phosphates represents a risk to normal functioning of river ecosystems, causing eutrophication with potentially excessive growth of benthic algae or other aquatic vegetation, oxygen deficiency in the bottom substrate and reduced biodiversity. The purpose of the map is to provide an overview of the mean annual value of orthophosphates in rivers across Europe and to enable the user to compare values per country, River Basin District (RBD) or individual monitoring station, depending on the scale of visualisation. Historical data since 1993 can be displayed using the time slider.
The map shows the mean annual concentration of total ammonium (TA), expressed as milligrams of N-NH4 per litre of water, observed in river monitoring stations and reported by EEA member countries via WISE. For most countries the mean annual value is based on observations over the whole year, whereas some countries only collect samples during the growing season (due to ice cover in winter). Total ammonium concentration can increase as a result of discharges from waste water treatment plants, industrial effluents and agricultural runoff. Ammonium exerts a demand on oxygen in water as it is transformed to oxidised forms of nitrogen. It is also an important nitrogenous fertilizer for aquatic plants, so it can cause eutrophication and indirectly reduce the dissolved oxygen due to increased BOD. In addition it is toxic to aquatic life at certain concentrations in relation to water temperature, salinity and pH. For example ammonium hydroxide in water is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic life at elevated pH levels. It can also pollute drinking water and bathing water. The purpose of the map is to provide an overview of the mean annual value of total ammonium in rivers across Europe and to enable the user to compare values per country or individual monitoring station, depending on the scale of visualisation. Historical data since 1993 can be displayed using the time slider.
The map shows the ecological status or potential of European lakes and reservoirs, expressed using a specific biological quality element (BQE), namely macrophytes, reported by EEA member countries via WISE. The ecological status class is assessed by each country according to their national classification system, following the principles established by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The assessment may be based by one or more samples taken during the year of reporting. The map displays the latest reported information under the WISE SoE reporting, so the year of reference may vary. Note that under the WFD reporting, the ecological status or potential based on all BQEs combined is represented by the BQE with the worst class - the "one-out-all-out" principle - which does not apply here, given that only one BQE is represented and that the reporting is done annually. The purpose of the map to enable the user to compare values per country or per monitoring station, depending on the scale of visualisation.
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/explore-interactive-maps/all-viewers or scan the QR code.
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