| Country | 1990-2016 difference |
|---|---|
| Ireland | -4.65 |
| Slovakia | -4.38 |
| Romania | -3.75 |
| Luxembourg | -3.53 |
| Bulgaria | -3.05 |
| Czech Republic | -2.61 |
| Poland | -2.51 |
| United Kingdom | -2.44 |
| Sweden | -2.24 |
| Spain | -2.21 |
| Latvia | -1.99 |
| Netherlands | -1.91 |
| Estonia | -1.81 |
| EU28 | -1.73 |
| France | -1.68 |
| Malta | -1.64 |
| EEA countries | -1.62 |
| Lithuania | -1.6 |
| Germany | -1.55 |
| Portugal | -1.52 |
| Denmark | -1.42 |
| Hungary | -1.39 |
| Belgium | -1.28 |
| Slovenia | -1.27 |
| Croatia | -1.21 |
| Italy | -1.19 |
| Norway | -1.14 |
| Austria | -1.09 |
| Cyprus | -1.05 |
| Turkey | -0.99 |
| Finland | -0.52 |
| Greece | -0.08 |
| Iceland | 2.1 |