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European average air temperature anomalies (1850 to 2011) in °C over land areas only: The sources of the original data: 1) Black line - HadCRUT3 from the UK Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit, baseline period 1850-1899 (Brohan et al., 2006) with the grey area representing the 95% confidence range, 2) Red line – MLOST from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Centre, baseline period 1880-1899 (Smith et al., 2008), and 3) Blue line - GISSTemp from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies, baseline period 1880-1899 (Hansen et al., 2010). Upper graph shows anomalies and lower graph shows decadal average anomalies for the same datasets. Europe is defined as the area between 35° to 70° North and -25° to 30° East, plus Turkey (35° to 40° North and 30° to 45° East).
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Locations of significant changes in data series of physical and biological systems, shown together with surface air temperature changes over the period 1970-2004: Based on HadCRUT3 data
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Remaining gap projected for 2010 by the new Member States in absolute terms, including the effects of additional policies and measures as well as carbon sinks: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Projected relative change of annual maximum daily mean wind speed between 1961-2000 and 2050 using different models: Data are calculated for 10 m height using the + 2 oC scenario for 2050 (IPCC-SRES A1B emission scenarios) and the reference climate (1961-2000) from three similar models (left) and one different model, MIROCHi (right).
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IEA estimates and projections of energy-related CO2 emissions per capita from 1990 to 2030: International comparisons
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Modelled change in mean temperature over Europe between 1980-1999 and 2080-2099: Left: annual; middle: winter (DJF); right: summer (JJA) changes in oC for the IPCC-SRES A1B emission scenario averaged over 21 models (MMD-A1B simulations).
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Changes in the contribution of heavy rainfall to total precipitation 1961-2006: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Phenological sensitivity to temperature changes: In a study of 254 national records across nine countries, most phenological changes correlated significantly with mean monthly temperatures of the previous two months
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Changes in soil organic carbon content across England and Wales between 1978 and 2003: The map shows the difference in soil organic carbon content
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Actual and projected greenhouse gas emissions aggregated for eight new Member States: Data exclude emissions and removals from land-use change and forestry.
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