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In April 2004 the Government approved the National Programme of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction for 2003-2012 (RT L 2004, 59, 990).
The National Greenhouse Gas Abatement Programme 2003-2012 is the only programme where reaching the Kyoto target has been set as a main objective. The main goal of the programme is to ensure compliance with targets set by the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. The long-term objective of the national programme is a reduction of GHG emissions by 21 % by 2010 compared with the 1999 emission level.
The sub-objectives of the programme are:
The quantitative targets of the programme by sectors are given in relevant sections of the current report. It has to be emphasised that as the programme was developed in 2002 several items and targets are out of date and the programme therefore needs up-dating. Till now, no research for analysing its implementation has been carried out.
No other legislative arrangements, administrative procedures or programmes have been developed specifically for meeting the commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.
The list of main climate- and energy-related targets set in various legal acts of the EU for Estonia are given in Table 11.
Table 11. Energy- and climate-related quantitative
targets in EU legal acts for Estonia (Report pursuant to
Article 3.2 of Monitoring Decision, 2009)
Indicator |
Act |
Target |
Share of renewable-based electricity in gross electricity consumption |
Directive 2001/77/EC |
5.1% (by 2010) |
Share of renewables in final energy consumption |
Directive 2009/28/EC |
25% ( by 2020) |
Share of renewables in fuel use of transport |
Directive 2003/30/EC |
5.75% (by 2011) |
|
Directive 2009/28/EC |
10% (by 2020) |
Saving of final energy consumption |
Directive 2006/32/EC |
9% (by 2016) |
Limit for GHG emission (compared to 2005) |
Decision 406/2009/EC |
+11% (by 2020) |
In December 2008 the European Parliament adopted a set of legislative documents – the so-called EU climate and energy package – for the gradual transformation of Europe into a low-carbon economy and for increasing energy security. An agreement has been reached on legally binding targets, by 2020:
Regarding reduction of GHG emissions, the package contains an offer to go further and commit to a 30 % cut in the event of a satisfactory international agreement being reached.
The Directive 2009/28/EC sets legally binding targets for each EU member state, in order to reach the EU aggregated target of a 20 % share of renewable energy by 2020. It creates cooperation mechanisms for achieving the targets in a cost-effective way. Several administrative barriers and other burdens will be removed, confirming the 10 % target for renewables in transport. Biofuels sustainability criteria are set to ensure that only biofuels that have no negative environmental impact are supported. The directive also has implications for small-scale emitters in sectors including transport, buildings, agriculture and waste. By 2020, emissions from these areas are to be reduced by an average of 10 % compared to 2005, shared out between Member States according to differences in GDP per persona. National targets were set for Member States, together with a linear legally binding trajectory for the period 2013-2020 with annual monitoring and compliance checks.
Estonia has committed itself to achieve by 2020 a share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption of 25%.
An improvement of energy efficiency can be considered as a goal of increasing priority for the government. A new National Energy Efficiency Programme for 2007-2013 has been prepared, through which investments will be made in energy efficiency, relevant information will be made more widely available and consumers will be informed about opportunities to conserve energy. The programme is one of the documents prepared for implementation of the National Long-term Development Plan for the Fuel and Energy Sector Until 2015 that was approved in December 2004. The energy efficiency programme determines areas that need to be prioritised in order to meet fuel and energy saving goals. The programme also sets strategic aims and objectives for priority areas, as well as measures for achieving these objectives. It also takes into account the task of achieving the indicative energy conservation objective set by the Directive 2006/32/EC, the saving of 9 % of final energy consumption during the period of 2008-2016.
The main objectives of the programme are:
In the programme it is estimated that for investments aimed at increasing efficiency in the fields of consumption, production and transfer of fuels and energy a total of 1.5 billion EEK (€96 million) is needed during the period up to 2013.
CDM Clear development mechanisms
CHP Cogeneration of Heat and Power
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2 eq carbon dioxide equivalents
GDP Gross Domestic Product
Gg Gigagram
EIC Environment Information Centre
EU European Union
EU ETS European Union Emission Trading Scheme
ET Emission trade
GHG Greenhouse gas
IET International Emission Trading
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
JI Joint Implemetation
l litre
LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry
m3 cubic metres
Mt million tonnes
MW Megawatt
OP Operational programme
PJ/y Picojoules per year
PP Power plant
t tonnes
WM With Measures
WAM With Additional Measures
WOM Without Measures
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/2010/countries/ee/climate-change-mitigation-national-responses-estonia or scan the QR code.
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