The European environment – state and outlook 2010

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Locations of significant changes in data series of physical and biological systems, shown together with surface air temperature changes over the period 1970-2004: Based on HadCRUT3 data
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Reconstructed record of the global average temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration over the last 400.000 years: Geographical coverage note: World Temporal coverage: The last 400 000 years
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Modelled change in mean temperature over Europe between 1980-1999 and 2080-2099: Left: annual; middle: winter (DJF); right: summer (JJA) changes in oC for the IPCC-SRES A1B emission scenario averaged over 21 models (MMD-A1B simulations).
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Phenological sensitivity to temperature changes: In a study of 254 national records across nine countries, most phenological changes correlated significantly with mean monthly temperatures of the previous two months
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Changes in species composition between a cold and a warm temperature copepod in the North Sea: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Rate of change of global average temperature, 1850-2008 (in oC per decade): Type: Graph
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Average annual changes in fire danger level 1958-2006: Based on use of Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR)
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Global and European temperature - EEA (Outlook 021) - Assessment published Jun 2009: By 2100, global temperature change is expected to be well above the long-term sustainable objective set in the 6th EAP (bearing in mind the inherent scientific and analytical uncertainty characterising the assessment of climate change impacts).
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Global and European temperature - EEA
Temperature extremes in Europe (CLIM 003) - Assessment DRAFT created Sep 2008: Extremes of cold have become less frequent in Europe while warm extremes have become more frequent. The frequency of hot days almost tripled between 1880 and 2005. For Europe as a whole heat waves are projected to increase in frequency, intensity and duration, whereas winter temperature variability and the number of cold and frost extremes are projected to decrease further. The European regions projected to be most affected are the Iberian Peninsula, central Europe including the Alps, the eastern Adriatic seaboard, and southern Greece.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Temperature extremes in Europe
European average air temperature anomalies (1850 to 2011) in °C over land areas only, for annual (upper), winter (middle) and summer (lower) periods: European average air temperature anomalies (1850 to 2011) in °C over land areas only, for annual (upper), winter (middle) and summer (lower) periods relative to pre-industrial baseline period. 1) Black line - HadCRUT3 from the UK Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit, baseline period 1850-1899 (Brohan et al., 2006) with the grey area representing the 95% confidence range, 2) Red line – MLOST from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Centre, baseline period 1880-1899 (Smith et al., 2008), and 3) Blue line - GISSTemp from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies, baseline period 1880-1899 (Hansen et al., 2010).
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