The European environment – state and outlook 2010

Remaining gap projected for 2010 by the new Member States in absolute terms, including the effects of additional policies and measures as well as carbon sinks: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Actual and projected greenhouse gas emissions aggregated for eight new Member States: Data exclude emissions and removals from land-use change and forestry.
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Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets (CSI 011) - Assessment published Feb 2007: EU-25 With existing policies and measures, EU-25 greenhouse gas emissions are projected to be approximately 2 % below 1990 level by 2010. With additional policies and measures greenhouse gas emissions are projected to be approximately 5 % below 1990 level (and slightly below 2004 level). EU-15 Latest projections for 2010 show that the combined effect of existing and additional domestic policies and measures, Kyoto mechanisms [1] and 'carbon sinks' [2] would bring emissions down to 8.0 % below the EU-15 base year level. This corresponds exactly to the reduction required under the Kyoto Protocol. With existing domestic [3] policies and measures, total EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions will only be 0.6 % below base-year levels in 2010 [4] . Taking into account additional domestic policies and measures being planned by Member States, a total EU-15 emissions reduction of 4.6 % is projected. This relies on the assumption that several Member States will cut emissions by more than is required to meet their national targets. The projected use of Kyoto mechanisms by ten Member States [5] will reduce emissions by 2010 by a further 2.6 %. Finally, the use of carbon sinks according to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol would contribute an additional 0.8 % (Figures 1 and 2). New Member States Seven new Member States project that they will meet or even over-achieve their Kyoto targets by 2010 with existing domestic policies and measures. However, in most countries emissions will increase between 2004 and 2010. Slovenia projects that it will meet its Kyoto target with additional policies and measures, and CO 2 removals from land-use change and forestry (Figure 3). Cyprus and Malta do not have a target under the Kyoto Protocol. Other EEA member countries EU acceding countries and Iceland were on track to meet or even over-achieve their Kyoto targets. In 2004, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein will with existing measures fall short of their target. Turkey and Croatia have ratified the United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC), but not the Kyoto Protocol. [1] Joint implementation, clean development mechanism and emissions trading according to the Kyoto Protocol, Art. 6, Art. 12, and Art. 17. These mechanisms allow industrialised countries with emissions limitation and reduction commitments to invest in emissions-savings projects in other countries and use the resulting emission credits to help meet their Kyoto targets. [2] According to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, Parties can make use of CO 2 removals by land use change and forestry activities, i.e. carbon sinks, to achieve their targets. [3] Domestic policies and measures are those taking place within the national boundaries. Existing policies and measures are those for which one or more of the following applies: (a) national legislation is in force; (b) one or more voluntary agreements have been established; (c) financial resources have been allocated; (d) human resources have been mobilised; (e) an official government decision has been made and there is a clear commitment to proceed with implementation. Additional (planned) policies and measures are options under discussion with a realistic chance of being adopted and implemented in time to influence the emissions during the commitment period. [4] Without existing policies and measures, total EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions would have been higher than the base-year level. The total effect of the existing policies and measures compared to a theoretical reference scenario without any measures since 1990 would be greater than the 0.6 % reduction referred to here. [5] Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets
Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets (CSI 011) - Assessment published Feb 2008: Projections for 2010 indicate that the EU-15 will meet its Kyoto target if Member States implement existing and additional measures fully and quickly, and make use of carbon sinks and Kyoto mechanisms. If all the projected reductions were achieved, the EU-15 could reach a level of emissions 11.4 % lower than base-year emissions, therefore overachieving its -8 % Kyoto target by 3.4 percentage points. The EU-27 does not have a Kyoto target. Twelve EU-15 Member States project they will achieve their individual targets. All ten new Member States with a target expect to meet their target (Cyprus and Malta do not have a Kyoto target). Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland project that they will meet their targets. Turkey has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol and thus has no Kyoto target.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets
Greenhouse gas emission trends (CSI 010) - Assessment published Feb 2007: EU-25 Total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-25, without emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), decreased by 4.8 % between 1990 and 2004. Greenhouse gas emissions increased by 0.4 % (18 million tonnes CO2-equivalents) between 2003 and 2004. EU-15 In 2004 total greenhouse gas emissions in the pre-2004 EU Member States (EU-15), excluding LULUCF, were 0.6 % (24 million tonnes CO2 equivalents) below 1990. Compared to the base year level, emissions in 2004 were 0.9 % (38 million tonnes CO2 equivalents) lower (Figure 1). This means the EU-15 was little more than a tenth of the way towards achieving the 8 % emissions reduction from base-year level required by 2008-2012 under the Kyoto Protocol . Only five EU-15 Member States were on track to meet their burden sharing targets (Figure 2). Increases in carbon dioxide emissions were offset by reductions in nitrous oxide, methane and fluorinated gases. The main reason for increases between 1990 and 2004 was growing road transport demand. The large increase of CO2 emissions from road transport was only partly offset by reductions in emissions from energy use in manufacturing industries and from manufacture of solid fuels. New Member States Greenhouse gas emissions have declined substantially in almost all new Member States. In 2004, emissions were 23 % below 1990 level (Figure 3). This is mainly due to the introduction of market economies and the consequent restructuring or closure of heavily polluting and energy-intensive industries. Greenhouse gas emissions from transport decreased by 5 % between 1990 and 1995 but increased after 1995. In 2004 they exceeded 1990 levels by 28 %. All new Member States who have a Kyoto target were on track to meet their target (Figure 4).
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Greenhouse gas emission trends
Greenhouse gas emission targets of EU acceding and other EEA countries for 2008-2012 relative to base-year emissions under the Kyoto Protocol: This graph shows EU acceding and other EEA countries Kyoto targets for 2008-2012.
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Remaining gap (over-delivery or shortfall) in absolute terms including the effects of additional policies and measures, Kyoto mechanisms and carbon sinks: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Relative gaps (over-delivery or shortfall) between greenhouse gas projections based on domestic policies and measures and 2010 targets for EU-15 Member States including the effects of Kyoto mechanisms and net emissions and removals from carbon sinks: Relative gaps for Luxembourg are based on information from 2001
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Trends in emissions of greenhouse gases (IPCC sector classification): Data on greenhouse gas emissions and removals, sent by countries to UNFCCC and the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism (EU Member States) with copies to EEA and ETC/ACC
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Trends in emissions of greenhouse gases (IPCC sector classification): Data on greenhouse gas emissions and removals, sent by countries to UNFCCC and the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism (EU Member States) with copies to EEA and ETC/ACC
Located in Data and maps › Datasets