http://www.eea.europa.eu These are the search results for the query, showing results 21 to 35. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/eea-32-nitrogen-oxides-nox-emissions-1/assessment.2010-08-19.0140149032-2?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic EEA-32 emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) decreased by 42% between 1990 and 2010. In 2010, the most significant sources of NO X  emissions were the 'Road transport' (41%), 'Energy production and distribution' (22%) and the 'Commercial, institutional and households' and 'Energy use in industry' (both 13%) sectors. The largest reduction of emissions in absolute terms since 1990 has occurred in the road transport sector. These reductions have been achieved despite the general increase in activity within this sector since the early 1990s and have primarily been achieved as a result of fitting three-way catalysts to petrol fuelled vehicles. However, ambient urban concentrations of NO2 in EU-27 countries in recent years have not fallen by as much as reported emissions. From 2001 to 2010, NO2 annual mean concentrations at urban background sites fell by just 10.6% on average (CSI004 - Fig 5) during which time the reported NO X  emissions for the EU-27 decreased by 24.9%. The disparity between trends in NO X emissions and ambient NO2 concentration is due in part to increased penetration of diesel vehicles, and the ‘real-world’ emission performance of modern diesel vehicles not showing the improvements that were indicated by the test cycle emission factors used for emission inventories. It is also due to the increased proportion of NO X emitted directly as NO2 from the exhaust of more modern diesel vehicles which use catalyst systems for controlling emissions of other pollutants. As a result of this difference, a number of member states' NO X  emissions could be significantly higher than currently calculated. In the electricity/energy production sector reductions have also occurred as a result of measures such as the introduction of combustion modification technologies (such as use of low NO X  burners), implementation of flue-gas abatement techniques (e.g. NO X scrubbers and selective catalytic and non-catalytic reduction techniques, i.e. SCR and SNCR) and fuel-switching from coal to gas. The National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) specifies NO X  emission ceilings for Member States that must have been met by 2010. In general, the newer EU Member States have made substantially better progress towards meeting their respective NO X  ceilings than the older Member States of the EU-15. Eleven of the twelve post-2004 Member States had reduced their 2010 emissions beyond what is required under the NECD [1] , with the remaining one reporting NO X  emissions just 2% above the NECD target. In contrast, only four of the EU-15 Member States reported emissions for 2010 within their respective national ceilings. Of the three non-EU countries having emission ceilings set under the UNECE/CLRTAP Gothenburg protocol (Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), only Switzerland reported 2010 emissions below the level of their 2010 ceiling. Environmental context: NO X  contributes to acid deposition and eutrophication of soil and water. The subsequent impacts of acid deposition can be significant, including adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes and damage to forests, crops and other vegetation. Eutrophication can lead to severe reductions in water quality with subsequent impacts including decreased biodiversity, changes in species composition and dominance, and toxicity effects. NO2 is associated with adverse effects on human health, as at high concentrations it can cause inflammation of the airways and reduced lung function, increasing susceptibility to respiratory infection. It also contributes to the formation of secondary particulate aerosols and tropospheric ozone in the atmosphere, both of which are important air pollutants due to their adverse impacts on human health and other climate effects. [1] Emissions data reported by EU member states under NECD is used for comparison with NECD ceilings, and data reported under CLRTAP is used for all other calculations unless otherwise stated. No publisher adamsma1 APE002 air quality nitrogen assessment12 CSI002 industry air NOx air emissions human CSI pollution CSI001 APE 2012-12-20T18:29:37+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/eea-32-sulphur-dioxide-so2-emissions-1/assessment-2?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic EEA-32 emissions of sulphur oxides (SO X ) have decreased by 75% between 1990 and 2010. In 2010, the most significant sectoral source of SO X emissions was 'Energy production and distribution' (57% of total emissions), followed by emissions occurring from 'Energy use in industry' (21%) and in the 'Commercial, institutional and households' (14%) sector. The reduction in emissions since 1990 has been achieved as a result of a combination of measures, including fuel-switching in energy-related sectors away from high-sulphur solid and liquid fuels to low-sulphur fuels such as natural gas, the fitting of flue gas desulphurisation abatement technology in industrial facilities and the impact of European Union directives relating to the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels. All of the EU-27 Member States have reduced their national SO X emissions below the level of the 2010 emission ceilings set in the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) [1] . Emissions in 2010 for the three non-EU countries having emission ceilings set under the UNECE/CLRTAP Gothenburg protocol (Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) were also below the level of their respective 2010 ceilings. Environmental context: Sulphur dioxide is emitted when fuels containing sulphur are combusted. It is a pollutant which contributes to acid deposition which in turn can lead to changes occurring in soil and water quality. The subsequent impacts of acid deposition can be significant, including adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes and damage to forests, crops and other vegetation. SO 2 emissions also aggravate asthma conditions and can reduce lung function and inflame the respiratory tract, and contribute as a secondary particulate pollutant to formation of particulate matter in the atmosphere, an important air pollutant in terms of its adverse impact on human health. Further, the formation of sulphate particles in the atmosphere after its release results in reflection of solar radiation, which leads to net cooling of the atmosphere. [1] Emissions data reported by EU member states under NECD is used for comparison with NECD ceilings, and data reported under CLRTAP is used for all other calculations unless otherwise stated. No publisher adamsma1 APE001 air quality assessment12 energy air SO2 CSI air emissions human SOx pollution CSI001 APE 2012-12-20T18:24:52+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/contribution-to-total-change-in-12?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The contribution made by each sector to the total change in methane (CH4) emissions between 1990 and 2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CSI assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone CH4 air emissions pollution 2012-12-20T18:02:23+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/contribution-to-total-change-in-11?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The contribution made by each sector to the total change in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions between 1990 and 2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CO assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone air emissions CSI pollution 2012-12-20T17:57:13+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-ch4-emissions-for-2?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Percentage change in methane (CH4) emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CSI assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone CH4 air emissions pollution 2012-12-20T17:51:34+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-co-emissions-for-2?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Percentage change in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CO assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone air emissions CSI pollution 2012-12-20T17:38:17+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/sector-contributions-of-ozone-precursor-2?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The contribution made by different sectors to emissions of the tropospheric (ground-level) ozone precursors in 2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CO assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone precursors ozone CH4 NOx air emissions NMVOC CSI pollution 2012-12-20T17:26:48+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-ch4-emissions-1?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The reported change in methane (CH4) emissions for each country, 1990-2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CSI assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone CH4 air emissions pollution 2012-12-20T16:14:41+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-co-emissions-1?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The reported change in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for each country, 1990-2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CO assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone air emissions CSI pollution 2012-12-20T16:10:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/emission-trends-of-acidifying-pollutants-4?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic This chart shows past emission trends of nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compunds (NMVOC), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) in the EEA-32 and EU-27 group of countries. In addition - for the EU-27 - the aggregated Member State 2010 and 2020 emission ceilings for NOx and NMVOC are shown. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). CO assessment12 CSI002 emission ozone NMVOC NOx air emissions CH4 CSI acidification pollution 2012-12-20T16:00:23+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/sector-split-of-emissions-of-3?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The contribution made by different sectors in 2010 to emissions of: HCB - hexachlorobenzene, HCH - hexachlorocyclohexane, PCBs - polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxins & furans; and PAHs - polyaromatic hydrocarbons. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). HCB APE006 assessment12 dioxin POPs PAH air emissions furan PCB HCH pollution APE 2012-12-20T14:56:43+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/contribution-to-total-change-in-10?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The contribution made by each sector to the total change in emissions of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) between 1990 and 2010: HCB - hexachlorobenzene, HCH - hexachlorocyclohexane, PCBs - polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxins & furans; and PAHs - polyaromatic hydrocarbons. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). HCB APE006 assessment12 dioxin POPs PAH air emissions furan PCB HCH pollution APE 2012-12-20T14:46:05+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-pah-emissions-1990-2007-eea-member-countries-3?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The reported change in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) emissions for each country, 1990-2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). APE006 assessment12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons POPs pollution air emissions PAH persistent organic pollutants APE 2012-12-20T14:30:16+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-dioxin-furan-emissions-2?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The reported change in dioxin and furan emissions for each country, 1990-2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). APE006 assessment12 dioxin POPs air emissions furan APE 2012-12-20T14:22:25+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-pcb-emissions-1?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The reported change in polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) emissions for each country, 1990-2010. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). APE006 assessment12 POPs air emissions PCB APE pollution 2012-12-20T14:16:35+02:00 EEAFigure