http://www.eea.europa.eu These are the search results for the query, showing results 1 to 15. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/achieving-energy-efficiency-through-behaviour?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic This report provides a review of available literature on measures targeting consumer behaviour in order to achieve energy savings. It focuses on: Energy efficiency measures and behaviour change; structural factors - such as the impact of liberalisation and the energy mix and energy tariff structures; the rebound effect. No publisher EEA (European Environment Agency) energy consumption energy efficiency consumer behaviour 2013-04-10T14:01:02+02:00 Publication http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/can-we-save-energy-by?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic In 2010, European households consumed almost 13 % more energy than two decades ago and generated 25 % of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. This trend must be reversed for the EU to reach its goal of reducing primary energy consumption by 20 % by 2020. Today, the European Environment Agency (EEA) publishes a report which investigates what it takes to achieve energy savings through changing consumer behaviour and launches an online survey to know more about society's views on the topic. No publisher stanhibe household energy consumption energy consumption online survey energy savings consumer behaviour 2013-04-09T14:00:00+02:00 Highlight http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/overview-of-the-european-energy-system/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The EU27 is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, and it accounts for 76.4 % of primary energy consumption whereas renewables accounted only for 9.8 %. The share of fossil fuels (coal, lignite, oil and natural gas) in gross inland consumption of the EU-27 declined slightly from 83.1 % in 1990 to 76.4 % in 2010. The EU’s dependence on imports of fossil fuels (gas, solid fuels and oil) [1] from non-EU countries has remained relatively stable between 2005 and 2010. In 2010 EU-27 imported 53.8 % of its total gross inland energy consumption. Oil imports are the highest and accounted for 58.6 % of total GIEC, followed by gas then solid fuels which accounted for 28.8 % and 12.6 % of total GIEC. In 2010 only 71.5 % of the total primary energy consumption in the EU-27 reached the end users. Between 1990 and 2010, energy losses in transformation and distribution have slowly declined from 29.2 % to 28.5 %. The average energy efficiency of conventional thermal electricity and heat production of conventional thermal power stations and district heating plants in the EU-27 improved over the period 1990 and 2010 by 5.1 percentage points to reach 51.2% in 2010. The main increase was seen between 1990 and 2005 with an increase of 7.0 percentage points (from 45.4% in 1990 to 52.3% in 2005). The improvement until 2005 was due to the closure of old inefficient plants, improvements in existing technologies, often combined with a switch from coal power plants to more efficient combined cycle gas-turbines. Between 2005 and 2010, there was a slight fall in efficiency of electricity and heat production from conventional thermal power plants and district heating plants of 1.1 percentage points (from 52.3% in 2005 to 51.2% in 2010) because of lower heat production. Overview of the energy system in 2010 In 2010 only 71.5 % of the total primary energy consumption in the EU-27 reached end users. Distribution, energy-sector’s own consumption of energy and conversion losses represented 28.5 % of which 5 % resulted from energy consumption by the energy sector. The EU27 is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels (see ENER 26), and it accounts for 76.4 % of primary energy consumption whereas renewables accounted only for 9.8 %. It is interesting to see that over 65 % total petroleum products in the EU27 after transformation in refineries are those refined in the EU27 originating from indigenous production and imported crude oil, rather than imported petroleum products. Subsequently 340 Mtoe of these petroleum products are exported outside the EU27. A high proportion of the fossil fuels used in the EU27 in 2010 were imported from outside the EU. Net import accounted for 91 %, 62 % and 39 % of gross inland consumptions of oil, gas and solid fuels. The high dependency on oil arises as a result of high consumption in the transport sector which is still very dependent on petrol and diesel. Increasing concerns for climate change leading to policies shifting fuel use in the transport sector has led to electricity (15.1 Mtoe) and renewables (13.3 Mtoe) consumption in transport, but these are yet to make a significant contribution (see ENER 16). The other sector where oil is the most dominant fuel is in the non-energy use sector where oil is used for example as lubricants. On the other hand, oil only accounts for a small proportion of the transformation input into power stations [2] (ENER 38). Nuclear heat accounts for 44.2 % of transformational input into power stations (excluding CHPs and district heating), followed by coal (24.9 %), natural gas (15.4 %) then renewables (13.5 %). In power stations, during the transformation of the energy into electricity, 58 % of fuel input is lost as conversion losses. Conversion losses are declining in the EU27 as power station efficiencies and electricity generation from renewables increases (see ENER 19 and 38). As for wind, hydro and solar PV, electricity is the primary energy form of energy so there are no associated conversion losses. The overall % of energy lost to conversion losses from electricity generation can also decrease if the % of electricity generated from CHPs increases. In 2010, conversion losses from CHPs were much less than power stations (33 %), just over 20 % of transformation output of electricity was from CHPs. In terms of consumption, industries consumed the highest amount of electricity, but only slightly more than domestic and other final consumers (which includes services sector) (ENER 16). Following conversion losses in transformation plants, further losses of electricity occur from distribution and consumption in the energy industry which accounts for (41.2 Mtoe or 14.5 % of electricity available for consumption). In 2010, net import of electricity was minimal (0.3 Mtoe). Conversion efficiencies of CHPs are higher than in power stations because the heat produced is also consumed as useful energy. In the EU27, heat is also generated from district heating plants in certain countries and the overall heat consumed from CHPs and district heating plants in 2010 was 62.8 Mtoe. Gas accounts for the highest proportion of fuel going into district heating plants (46 %). The largest consumer of gas in 2010 was the domestic sector (119.0 Mtoe) followed by industries (84.7 Mtoe) (see ENER 16) whereas for coal, the largest consumers are electricity generation plants (power stations and CHPs). Coal and gas are also input fuels for other transformation plants which produce manufactured fuels. [1] Definitions are provided in the meta data. The Gross Inland Energy Consumption does not include bunkers. [2] See ‘Methodology and assumptions used for the Sankey diagram’ for definitions of components that make up power stations. No publisher iverscar ENER036 primary energy energy energy consumption ENER 2013-03-20T17:56:54+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/progress-on-energy-efficiency-in-europe/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Over the period 1990-2010, energy efficiency increased by 20% in EU-27 countries at an annual average rate of 1.1%/year, driven by improvements in the industrial sector (1.7%/year) and households (1.6%/year). No publisher iverscar household energy consumption households energy consumption ENER consumption energy environment cooling energy efficiency space heating ENER037 air conditioning dwellings 2013-03-20T15:56:45+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/renewable-gross-final-energy-consumption-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in the EU-27 reached 12.5% in 2010 representing 60% of the Europe 2020 target (20%). Renewable energies represented in 2010, 14.3% of total final heat consumption, 19.6% of electricity consumption and 4.7% of transport fuels consumption. No publisher iverscar energy consumption ENER climate change energy renewable energy ENER028 2013-03-19T18:45:50+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/final-energy-consumption-by-sector-5/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Between 1990 and 2010, the final energy consumption in the EU-27 increased by 7.1% (10.2% in EEA countries) at an annual average rate of 0.3% (0.5% for EEA countries).The final energy consumption in EU-27 decreased by 3.2% between 2005 and 2010 (2.1% in EEA countries). The services sector was the sector with the fastest growing energy consumption (41.4% over the period 1990-2010 and 12.2% over the period 2005-2010). Final energy consumption in the transport sector in 2010 was 29.8% higher than 1990 levels but the sector registered a 0.5 % fall in energy consumption between 2009 and 2010 despite signs of mild economic recovery. Over the same period (1990-2010), household final energy consumption increased by 12.4% while final consumption in industry fell by 20.5%. Overall, in the last year, final energy consumption in EU-27 increased, but still remained below the level in 2006 (the year where energy consumption peaked in Europe). On average, one person in the EEA countries used 2.2 tonnes of oil equivalent to meet their energy needs in 2010. No publisher iverscar energy consumption ENER CSI027 natural gas electricity energy petroleum ENER016 solid fuels fuel CSI GHG retrospective 2013-02-28T17:25:22+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/final-energy-consumption-by-sector-5?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer for all energy uses. It is calculated as the sum of final energy consumption of all sectors. These are disaggregated to cover industry, transport, households, services and agriculture. The indicator can be presented in relative or absolute terms. The relative contribution of a specific sector is measured by the ratio between the final energy consumption of that sector and total final energy consumption calculated for a calendar year. It is a useful indicator which highlights a country's sectoral needs in terms of final energy demand. No publisher iverscar energy consumption 2013-02-28T14:24:49+01:00 Indicator Specification http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transport-final-energy-consumption-by-mode/assessment-2?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Between 1990 and 2007, annual transport energy consumption in the EU-27 showed continual growth. However, this trend reversed in 2008 as the effects of the economic recession brought about three years of negative growth. Between 2007 and 2009, total energy demand in the transport sector declined by 4.2%. The most recent published data for 2010 indicates a bottoming out of this recent decline with a drop in energy demand between 2009 and 2010 of just 0.3%. Preliminary estimates for 2011 hint on a return to growth in transport energy demand with a minor increase of 0.1% over 2011.  Outside the EU‑27, over the last decade Switzerland's growth in road transport energy use has been below the EU‑27 average, while its rail energy use has increased compared to an average reduction across the EU‑27. By contrast, Norway and particularly Turkey have seen road transport energy use grow faster than the EU‑27 while Turkey's rail energy use has fallen substantially more than in EU‑27 Member States. The shipping sector saw the greatest decline in energy consumption during the recession; bunkers dropped by 10 % in 2009 compared to 2007, reflecting weak consumer demand. However, this was also the first transport sector to see a return to growth; over 1% between 2009 and 2010. Combined energy use for aviation, rail and shipping has reduced by 5.2 % between 2007 and 2011. The greatest reduction was for domestic navigation (10.2 %), followed by aviation (5.7 %) and rail (5.3 %). Road transport represents the largest energy consumer, accounting for 72 % of total demand in 2011. It has also been the least affected by the economic downturn, falling by only 3.9 % between 2007 and 2011. No publisher morrimat TERM energy consumption energy TERM01 TERM001 greener transport fuel TERM2011 transport 2013-01-24T17:36:40+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/final-energy-consumption-intensity-2/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Over the period 1990-2010, the EU-27 final energy intensity has decreased by 25% at an annual average rate of 1.4%/year. Since 2005, the reduction was slightly higher (1.5%/year), with a stronger decoupling in the agriculture and industrial sectors where the energy intensity has decreased by 2.6%/year and 2.1%/year respectively. In the service and transport sectors the final energy consumption intensities have decreased by 1.3%/year and 0.9%/year since 2005. In the household sector, the final energy consumption per capita was in 2010 almost at the same level as in 2005, as result of counterbalancing effects: larger and more numerous dwellings, greater ownership of electrical appliances on the one hand and energy efficiency improvements on the other hand. Over the period 1990-2010, the final energy intensity in non-EU EEA countries has decreased by 8.5% at an annual average growth rate of 0.4%/year. No publisher iverscar energy consumption ENER energy ENER021 GHG retrospective energy intensity 2013-01-11T17:43:40+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/share-of-renewable-energy-to-8?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Share of renewable energy to final energy consumption, 1990-2010 No publisher iverscar EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). renewable energy energy energy consumption 2012-12-20T14:39:15+01:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/share-of-renewable-energy-to-7?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Share of Renewable Energy to Final Energy Consumption with normalised hydro and wind in EEA countries. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). climate change energy energy consumption renewable energy 2012-12-20T15:28:03+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/share-of-renewable-energy-to-6?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in the EU-27 No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). renewable energy energy energy consumption 2012-12-20T14:28:21+01:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/share-of-total-energy-consumption-3?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Share of total energy consumption by fuel in 2010 No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). energy energy consumption 2012-12-20T14:10:01+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/primary-energy-consumption-by-fuel-3?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Primary energy consumption by fuel in the EU-27 and in the non-EU27 EEA countries No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). GHG retrospective energy consumption 2012-12-20T13:09:48+01:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/trends-in-total-energy-intensity-4?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The figure shows the trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). gdp energy energy consumption 2012-12-07T16:05:00+01:00 EEAFigure