http://www.eea.europa.eu These are the search results for the query, showing results 1 to 15. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/ocean-acidification/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Surface-ocean pH has declined from 8.2 to 8.1 over the industrial era due to the growth of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This decline corresponds to a 30 % change in oceanic acidity. Observed reductions in surface-water pH are nearly identical across the global ocean and throughout Europe’s seas. Ocean acidification in recent decades is occurring a hundred times faster than during past natural events over the last 55 million years. Ocean acidification already reaches into the deep ocean, particularly in the high latitudes. Average surface-water pH is projected to decline further to 7.7 or 7.8 by the year 2100, depending on future CO 2 emissions. This decline represents a 100 to 150 % increase in acidity. Ocean acidification may affect many marine organisms within the next 20 years and could alter marine ecosystems and fisheries. No publisher marxxand carbon dioxide pH ocean acidification ocean 2012-11-20T16:32:15+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/water-temperature-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Water temperatures in major European rivers have increased by 1–3 °C over the last century. Several time series show increasing lake and river temperatures all over Europe over the last 60 to 90 years. Lake and river surface water temperatures are projected to increase with further projected increases in air temperature. Increased temperature can result in marked changes in species composition and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. No publisher marxxand Water water temperature rivers 2012-11-20T14:06:10+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/lake-and-river-ice-cover-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The existence of ice cover and the timing of ice break-up influence the vertical mixing of lakes and are therefore of critical ecological importance. The duration of ice cover on European lakes and rivers has shortened at a mean rate of 12 days per century over the last 150–200 years. A further decrease in the duration of lake ice cover is projected with projected climate change. No publisher marxxand climate change impacts Rivers and lake ice-cover rivers and lakes temperatures 2012-11-20T13:29:57+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/arctic-sea-ice-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The extent and volume of the Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly since global data became available in 1980, especially in summer. Record low sea ice cover in September 2007, 2011 and 2012 was roughly half the size of the normal minimum extent in the 1980s. In the period 1979-2011, the Arctic has lost on average 45 000 km 2 of sea ice per year in winter and 91 000 km 2 per year at the end of summer. The decline in summer sea ice appears to have accelerated since 1999. Arctic Sea ice is projected to continue to shrink in extent and thickness and may even disappear at the end of the summer melt season in the coming decades. There will still be substantial ice in winter. Baltic Sea ice, in particular the extent of the maximal cover, is projected to shrink. No publisher jaeckgre cryosphere climate change baltic sea ice sea ice extent Climate Change northern hemisphere 2012-11-19T17:03:47+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/mountain-permafrost-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic In the past 10–20 years European permafrost has shown a general warming trend, with greatest warming in Svalbard and Scandinavia. The active layer thickness has increased at some European permafrost sites. Several sites show great interannual variability which reflects the complex interaction between the atmospheric conditions and local snow and ground characteristics. Present and projected atmospheric warming is projected to lead to widespread warming and thawing of permafrost. Warming and thawing of permafrost is expected to increase the risk of landslides, ground subsidence and flash floods from bursting glacial lakes. Thawing of permafrost also affects biodiversity and may accelerate climate change through release of CO2 and CH4 from arctic permafrost areas. No publisher marxxand cryosphere bore hole measurement surface temperature climate change borehole measurement permafrost temperature 2012-11-19T16:48:32+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/glaciers-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The vast majority of glaciers in the European glacial regions are in retreat. Glaciers in the European Alps have lost approximately two thirds of their volume since 1850, with clear acceleration since the 1980s. Glacier retreat is expected to continue in the future. The volume of European glaciers has been estimated to decline between 22 and 66 % compared to the current situation by 2100 under a business-as-usual emission scenario. Glacier retreat contributes to sea-level rise and it affects freshwater supply and run off regimes, river navigation, irrigation and power generation. It may also cause natural hazards and damage to infrastructure. No publisher marxxand Europe europe cryosphere glacier climate change mass-balance glaciers Climate change 2012-11-19T16:38:14+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenland-ice-sheet-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The Greenland ice sheet is the largest body of ice in the Northern Hemisphere and plays an important role in the cryosphere. It changed in the 1990s from being in near mass balance to losing about 100 billion tonnes of ice per year. Ice losses have since then more than doubled to 250 billion tonnes a year averaged over 2005 to 2009. The contribution of ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet to global sea-level rise is estimated at 0.14–0.28 mm/year for the period 1993–2003 and has since increased. The recent melting of the Greenland ice sheet is estimated to have contributed up to 0.7 mm a year to sea-level rise, which is approximately one quarter of the total sea-level rise of about 3.1 mm/year. Model projections suggest further declines of the Greenland ice sheet in the future but the processes determining the rate of change are still poorly understood. No publisher jaeckgre mass balance Greenland Ice Sheet cryosphere Greenland cumulated melt area Climate change ice sheet 2012-11-19T15:54:47+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/observed-changes-in-annual-precipitation-1961-3?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The trends are calculated using a median of pairwise slopes algorithm. Black dots represent high confidence in the sign of the long-term trend in the box (if the 5th to 95th percentile slopes are of the same sign). Boxes which have a thick outline contain at least three stations. Area averaged annual time series of percentage changes and trend lines are shown below each map for one area in northern Europe (blue line, 5.6 to 16.9 °E and 56.2 to 66.2 °N) and one in south‑western Europe (red line, 350.6 to 1.9 °E and 36.2 to 43.7 °N). No publisher alec Access is managed by the owner mentioned below. Please contact the owner for more information about their data policy. climate change climate rain precipitation trend 2012-11-14T14:55:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/presence-of-aedes-albopictus-the-tiger-mosquito-in-europe-in-january?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Areas marked as ‘2011’ indicate that the tiger mosquito was detected in 2011 for the first time. They include areas of known geographical expansion of A. albopictus in France, northern Italy and Spain where vector surveillance has been in place since 2008 but also areas in Albania, Greece, and central and southern Italy, where the first detection of the vector in 2011 could be the result of increased vector surveillance rather than actual geographical expansion. ‘2008–2011’ refers to all areas where the vector has been present before 2011. Indoor presence corresponds to the presence recorded in greenhouses. No publisher alec Access is managed by the owner mentioned below. Please contact the owner for more information about their data policy. climate change climate human health Aedes albopictus disease 2012-11-13T11:35:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/number-of-reported-climate-related?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic This figure shows the yearly number of extreme weather events (cold, storm, flood and wet mass movement, heat wave, wildfire, drought and drymass movement dry) in EEA member and collaborating countries in the period 1980 - 2011. No publisher skovvann EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO/Europe). climate human health disaster 2012-11-12T15:30:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-of-flowering-date-for?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic This figure shows the rate of change of the flowering date for winter wheat. The flowering date is defined as the day at which a modelization of the winter wheat reaches a development state of 100 in a scale 0 - 200 defined for the WOFOST growth model (Van Keulen H, Wolf J (1986) Modelling of agricultural production: weather soils and crops, Simulation monographs. Pudoc, Wageningen). The map shows the yearly change rate in days per year calculated for the period January 1975 - December 2010. No publisher jaeckgre EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). climate atmosphere Atmospheric conditions Agricultural and aquaculture facilities environmental assessment CHM Meteorological geographical features agriculture 2012-10-17T13:55:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/rate-of-change-of-the?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic This figure shows the rate of change of the ‘water balance’. The map provides an estimate increase (red in map) or decrease (blue in map) of the volume of water required from irrigation assuming that all other factors are unchanged and given that there is an irrigation demand. No publisher jaeckgre EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). climate Atmospheric conditions climate change environmental assessment weather modification atmosphere agriculture water for agricultural use Meteorological geographical features Agricultural and aquaculture facilities rain water 2012-10-17T13:55:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/rate-of-change-of-frost?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic This figure shows the rate of change in the growing season length (defined as the number of frost-free days per year) during the period January 1975 – December 2010. No publisher jaeckgre EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). climate growing season length Agricultural and aquaculture facilities environmental assessment climate, atmosphere CHM Meteorological geographical features agriculture 2012-10-17T12:00:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/decadal-average-trends-in-mean?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Grid boxes outlined in solid black contain at least three stations and so are likely to be more representative of the grid box. High confidence in the long-term trend is shown by a black dot. (In the map above, this is the case for all grid boxes.) Area averaged annual time series of percentage changes and trend lines are shown below each map for one area in northern Europe (green line, 5.6 ° to 16.9 °E and 56.2 ° to 66.2 °N) and one in south-western Europe (purple line, 350.6 ° to 1.9 °E and 36.2 ° to 43.7 °N). No publisher jaeckgre EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), UK Met Office. climate change climate mean temperature trend 2012-06-14T10:35:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-frequency-of-frost-days-in-europe-in-the-period-1976-2006-in-days-per-decade-4?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic How to read the map: Cool nights are defined as being below the 10th percentile of the daily minimum temperature. Grid boxes outlined in solid black contain at least 3 stations and so are likely to be more representative of the grid-box. Higher confidence in the long-term trend is shown by a black dot. Area averaged annual time series of percentage changes and trend lines are shown below each map for one area in northern Europe (Green line, 5.6 to 16.9 E and 56.2 to 66.2 N) and one in south-western Europe (Pink line, 350.6 to 1.9 E and 36.2 to 43.7 N). No publisher iverscar Access is managed by the owner mentioned below. Please contact the owner for more information about their data policy, climate change climate CSI extreme temperatures CSI012 2012-06-06T15:30:00+02:00 EEAFigure