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10 messages for 2010 — freshwater ecosystems

Freshwater ecosystems in Europe are rich in biodiversity but at risk. They provide essential ecosystem services to humans, such as cleaning water, preventing floods, producing food, providing energy and regulating freshwater resources...

Reported bathing waters in Europe per million inhabitants, reported inland bathing waters per 1 000 km2 and reported coastal bathing waters per 10 km of coastline

Specific number of bathing waters per million inhabitants, per coastline and per land area

Riverine flood damage potential

This map presents riverine flood damage potential for a 100-year return period, current climate and no defences; catchments and sub-catchments of less than 500 km2 are not included

Salt water intrusions into groundwater in Europe (1999)

Saltwater intrusion as a result of groundwater over-exploitation is a major concern in many aquifers throughout Europe

Sea surface temperature

Time series of annual average sea surface temperature (°C), referenced to the average temperature between 1993 and 2012, in the global ocean and in each of the European seas.

Seascape biodiversity patterns in benthic invertebrates

Seasonal water exploitation index plus (WEI+), Ecrins functional river basin districts, 2015

Seasonal water exploitation index plus (WEI+), Ecrins functional river basin districts in winter (left) and summer (right) 2015.

Seasonal water scarcity conditions across Europe, measured by the water exploitation index plus (WEI+) for sub river basins, 2019

Water exploitation index plus (WEI+) illustrates the percentage of water use versus water available in the respective subbasin.

Seismic zones of the Mediterranean, Hypocenter depth smaller than 50 km.

Share of population served with public sewage treatment, and type of treatment offered

Share of population served with public wastewater treatment in Denmark 1970-2000, Netherlands 1970-1999, Spain 1975-2000, Estonia 1985-2000 and Poland 1990-2000

Emissions of mercury to water based on E-PRTR reporting of 2007 data

The map shows the emissions of mercury to water based on E-PRTR reporting of 2007 data

Soil erosion: probable problem areas in Europe

Source apportioned annual load of nitrogen to inland waters in the sub-catchments of the Baltic. (A)

Source-oriented approaches

Summer/autumn oxygen concentrations in water column near the seafloor, 2013-2017

The map shows dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water column near the seafloor, observed in summer/autumn of the years 2013-2017. Purple: <2 mg/l; Light purple: 2-4 mg/l; Light green: 4-6 mg/l; Green: >6 mg/l