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Biochemical oxygen demand and ammonium in European Rivers
This figure shows the trends in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonium in European rivers.
Oxygen consuming substances in European rivers
In European rivers, oxygen consuming substances decreased over the period 1992 to 2023, which is a consequence of the improvement in wastewater treatment. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) fell to half of the 1992 level, but has been fluctuating at 2.0-2.2mgO 2 /l since 2010. Ammonium concentrations fell to 20% of the 1992 level and have stabilised at less than 0.08mgNH 4 -N/l in the past few years. The economic crisis in central and eastern European countries during the 1990s also contributed to decreasing pollution from manufacturing industries.