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Air Implementation Pilot - Lessons learnt from the implementation of air quality legislation at urban level
Almost three quarters of Europeans live in cities. The air quality in our cities is therefore of significant importance to the health of Europeans. Considerable progress has been made in the past twenty years in improving urban air quality, but issues remain. A number of different air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ozone remain above regulated levels, posing a threat to human health. This report describes a European pilot project to help identify and address the reasons underlying this 'gap' in implementation of air quality policy in 12 European cities, and thereby draw lessons of wider relevance.
10 messages for 2010 - Urban ecosystems
In Europe, where the overwhelming majority of people live in urban areas, tackling the interlinked challenges between biodiversity and its network of towns and cities is crucial to help halting biodiversity loss.
Renewable energy, Barcelona (Spain)
Renewable energy, Barcelona (Spain)
Reported noise exposure of more than 55 dB Lden in European agglomerations with more than 250 000 inhabitants based on the results of strategic noise mapping
The figure shows the reported long-term (yearly) average exposure to day-evening-night noise of more than 55 dB in EU-27 agglomerations with more than 250 000 inhabitants
Residential density in mid-1950s and late 1990s (measured by inhabitants/residential km2), selected European cities
Residential density in mid-1950s and late 1990s (measured by inhabitants/residential km2), selected European cities
Residuals for Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) at the country level
Differences between observed and fitted (predicted) values from the ridge regression model for Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) in absolute terms and percentages for the year 2009 at the country level.
Rising average size of newly completed dwellings
Rotterdam region — contributions to NO2 and PM10 concentration from different sources, 2000
Rotterdam
Share of built-up area in the 0-1 km coastal strip, by NUTS3 (2000)
Percentage of land take by built-up in a coastal buffer from 0 to 10 km by NUTS3 based in Corine Land Cover 2000.
Share of population served with public sewage treatment, and type of treatment offered
Share of population served with public wastewater treatment in Denmark 1970-2000, Netherlands 1970-1999, Spain 1975-2000, Estonia 1985-2000 and Poland 1990-2000
Share of population served with public wastewater treatment in Denmark 1970-2000, Netherlands 1970-1999, Spain 1975-2000, Estonia 1985-2000 and Poland 1990-2000
Urban areas at risk of river flooding
In many parts of Europe, the risk of river flooding is expected to increase; in north-eastern Europe, the probability of floods is expected to fall. Further to climate exposure, the placement of many new urban areas and the accumulation of assets in low-lying areas close to rivers has intensified the sensitivity to river floods. The map shows the low-lying urban areas potentially threatened by river flooding in a one-in-a-century flood event, both for the current period and in the projected future. However, the map does not take into account eventual future changes in urban land-take, nor any adaptation measures like flood defences or flood retention that may lower the risk.
Social capital — trust in other people (synthetic index 0–100), 2009
The map shows the perception of the cities’ population on their trust in other people living in the city; it is therefore a proxy for social capital.
Soil sealing and population density in the capitals of EEA countries and the Western Balkans
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Spanish and Portuguese signatories of the Covenant of Mayors and Mayors Adapt
Cities around Europe have begun to actively integrate adaptation needs in coastal zone management. They are bringing together sectors and interests that have traditionally operated separately, for example in Lithuania, Northern Ireland and Spain. Bologna, Italy, provides an example of a broad range of public and private stakeholders collaborating in urban planning to support resilience.
Sprawl impacts on agricultural land and natural areas, selected European cities
Sprawl impacts
Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000
Sprawl along transport axes and the coastline
Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000
Sprawl in the countryside
Stockholm, Sweden: green and red finger zoning plans
The level of green areas inside and around cities, 2006
The map shows the relation of green urban areas to the green background, i.e. it compares the mean value of green background of the city surroundings with the mean values of green urban areas of the core cities, both in [%]. Results are represented by points of different colours.
The Netherlands — expenditure
The Netherlands
Traffic noise map of Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Traffic related toxics (2004): Distance to target for lead and carbon monoxide at urban and traffic stations
The limit value is shown as a bold line, with observed concentrations as columns
Transboundary Environmental Protection Zone: Lithuanian-Polish border
This map shows protected sites (Natura 2000 and designated sites) and green background (10 km radius) together with Urban Morphological Zones and main roads