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EEA Briefing 3/2006 - The continuous degradation of Europe's coasts threatens European living standards
Sea-level change at different European tide-gauge stations 1896-2004
Data (mm/year) corrected with regard to postglacial land movement and gravity-field variation.
Trend in absolute sea level in European seas based on satellite measurements (1992–2013)
Trend in absolute sea level in European seas based on satellite measurements (1992–2013)
Sea level rise at selected European gauge stations
Note: Data are corrected for postglacial processes.
Sea surface temperature anomaly for period 1870-2006
Data (oC) show the difference between annual average temperatures and the period 1982-2006 mean in different European seas
Sea surface temperature changes for the European seas 1982-2006
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Sea surface temperature in winter and summer in the Norwegian Sea, the Baltic Sea and the western Mediterranean Sea
Note: Deviations are from long-term averages.
Urban land-use classes in sea‑level rise and surge‑prone areas
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Observed and projected Arctic September sea-ice extent, 1900–2100
Observed and projected Arctic September sea-ice extent
Observed and projected change in sea level 1970–2008, relative to the sea level in 1990
The solid lines are based on observations smoothed to remove the effects of interannual variability (light lines connect data points). Data in most recent years are obtained via satellite based sensors. The envelope of IPCC (2001) projections is shown for comparison; this includes the broken lines as individual projections and the shading as the uncertainty around the projections.
Observed changes in (a) global average surface temperature, (b) global average sea level and (c) northern hemispheric snow cover for March-April
All changes are relative to the period 19611990
Oil spills from tankers
Large accidental oil spills from tankers
Percentage of females with imposex in the whelks Neptunea antiqua and Buccinum undatum in the Danish North Sea (2001)
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Projected global average sea-level rise, 1990–2100
Past observed and projected sea level rise from various information sources
Projected global average sea level rise
Note: Thermal expansion and land ice changes were calculated using a simple climate model calibrated separately for each of seven air/ocean global climate models (AOGCMs)
Projected global average sea-level rise 1990-2100
Six SRES scenarios are shown
Qualitative composition of hauls in the Mediterranean deep sea fisheries for lobster and shrimp
European biogeographical regions and the regional seas
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European coastal lowlands most vulnerable to sea level rise
Five meter elevation contour line
Accidental tanker oil spills (above 7 tonnes per spill), European seas
Oil spilt in an incident includes all oil lost to the environment, including that which is burnt or remains in a sunken vessel
Hazardous substances in mussels and oysters in Europe's seas
There is one map for each of the contaminants measured in mussels and oysters, which are representative of the hazardous substances in marine organisms. In the map, each of the small dots represents a station (a location which is regularly monitored), coloured according to estimated concentration levels (low/moderate/high relative to environmental thresholds). The big pie diagrams show, for each region, the proportion of stations that have low/moderate/high concentration levels. The arrow by each pie diagram shows whether concentrations are in general improving (decreasing concentrations) or show no significant change. There were no cases of increasing trends.
Annual sea surface temperature (SST) deviations averaged over the northern hemisphere
Annual sea surface temperature (SST) deviations averaged over the northern hemisphere
Anomalies in Northern Hemisphere average sea surface temperature from HadSST2
HadSST2 = Hadley Centre sea surface temperature data set