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Circular economy in Europe — Developing the knowledge base
The report describes the concept of the circular economy and outlines its key characteristics. It draws attention to both the benefits and challenges in transitioning to such an economy and highlights possible ways to measure progress.
Resource use per person, by country, 2000 and 2007
This graph shows the resource use per person, by country in 2000 and 2007.
The two key aspects of resource efficiency
The schema shows how resource efficiency relates to the use of natural capital and ecosystem resilience.
Circular material use rate by EU country (2010 and 2022)
Circular material use rate in the EU and breakdown by material group between 2010 and 2022
The black line indicates changes in the total circular material use rate for the EU over time, while the coloured lines show changes in the circular material use rates for the various material groups.
Circular economy
A simplified model of the circular economy for materials and energy
Environmental tax reform in Europe: implications for income distribution
Although environmental tax reforms (ETR) tend to improve incomes across society, they can have mild regressive impacts in that richer households gain more than poorer ones. Care is needed to design ETRs in ways that ensure that certain groups are able to benefit equally. ETR's overall benefits for the economy, environment and society are potentially significant. ETR should therefore be regarded as a key element in the policymaking toolkit for shifting to a green economy.
EU bioenergy potential from a resource efficiency perspective
The main objective of this report is to review the implications of resource efficiency principles for developing EU bioenergy production. The results presented are primarily based on the 2013 ETC/SIA study, capturing key messages while excluding some of the more technical elements. The report aims to be a more accessible version of the ETC/SIA study, aimed at the non-technical reader.
Management of used and waste textiles in Europe’s circular economy
The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) mandates that from 2025, EU Member States must establish separate collection systems for used textiles. This briefing provides an overview of the current state of textile waste generation, collection systems, treatment capacity and the different classifications for used textiles in Europe. Additionally, it identifies factors which must be considered when implementing separate collection systems to foster the circularity of textiles without inadvertently increasing exports, incineration, or landfilling.