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Environment and health
Soil contamination by heavy metals
Concentration of Pb in topsoils (0-25cm)
Traffic related toxics (2004): Distance to target for lead and carbon monoxide at urban and traffic stations
The limit value is shown as a bold line, with observed concentrations as columns
Trends in lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) emissions in EU-25, 1990-2004
Unleaded petrol use in Europe 1996
Zone exceedances of the yearly limit value Pb, 2005
Zone exceedances of the yearly limit value Lead (Pb), 2005, reported under Annual report (questionnaire) on air quality assessment and management (2004/461/EC).
Annual mean lead and nickel concentrations in 2017
Observed concentrations of lead (left) and nickel (right) in 2017. The map shows the lead and nickel annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with concentrations exceeding the target value (0.5 µg/m3 for lead and 20 ng/m3 for nickel). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean lead and nickel concentrations in 2017
Observed concentrations of lead (left) and nickel (right) in 2017. The map shows the lead and nickel annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with concentrations exceeding the target value (0.5 µg/m3 for lead and 20 ng/m3 for nickel). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
EU emissions of As, Cd, Hg, Ni and Pb, 2002–2011, as a percentage of 2002 emissions
The graph shows the development in As (and other heavy metals) emissions reported by the EU Member States between 2002 and 2011 as a percentage of 2002 emissions.
AirBase - Exchange of information
Observed air quality concentration maps for 2013 for components O3, PM10, NO2, PM2.5 and BaP.
Annual mean concentrations of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel), 2011
The four maps shows the annual mean concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel in the year 2011
Annual mean lead concentrations in 2018
Observed concentrations of Pb in 2018. Dots in the last two colour categories correspond to concentrations above the EU annual limit value. Only stations reporting more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Air quality statistics
The Air Quality Annual Statistics Viewer shows yearly data for all 12 air pollutants that have legal limits under EU air quality laws. Results are presented by year on maps and box plots. Specific screens also show the evolution throughout the years, as well as the distribution of the values
Changes in cadmium, mercury and lead emissions for each sector (EEA-33)
Changes in cadmium, mercury and lead emissions for each sector (EEA-33) - Column chart
Changes in lead emissions
Trends in emissions of heavy metals (EEA-33)
Sector split of emissions of selected heavy metals (EEA-33)
Lead 2010 - Annual limit value for the protection of human health
In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set a limit value for lead (Pb) for the protection of human health: the Pb annual mean value may not exceed 0.5 milligrams per cubic metre (µg/m3) except in the immediate vicinity of specific, notified industrial sources where the Pb annual mean value may not exceed 1.0 milligram per cubic metre (µg/m3)
Lead - Annual limit value for the protection of human health
In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set a limit value for lead (Pb) for the protection of human health: the Pb annual mean value may not exceed 0.5 milligrams per cubic metre (µg/m3) except in the immediate vicinity of specific, notified industrial sources where the Pb annual mean value may not exceed 1.0 milligram per cubic metre (µg/m3)
Lead concentration in lakes in the Nordic countries, autumn 1995
Denmark 1996, Sweden 2000.
Lead concentrations in childrens blood, and lead in petrol (tonne) sold in Sweden 1976-2003.
The children live in two towns in southern Sweden.
European Union emission inventory report 1990–2009 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)
This document is the European Union emission inventory report under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). It includes information on the formal institutional arrangements that underpin the European Union's emission inventory, emission trends for the EU‑27 and Member States, and the contribution of important individual emission sources to total emissions, sector group emission trends for key pollutants, information on recalculations and future planned improvements.
European Union emission inventory report 1990–2010 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)
This document is the annual European Union emission inventory report under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). The report and its accompanying data are provided as an official submission to the secretariat for the Executive Body of the LRTAP Convention by the European Commission on behalf of the European Union. The report is compiled by the European Environment Agency (EEA).
European Union emission inventory report 1990 — 2008 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)
This document is the European Union emission inventory report under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). It includes information on the formal institutional arrangements that underpin the European Union's emission inventory, emission trends for the EU‑27 and Member States, and the contribution of important individual emission sources to total emissions, sector group emission trends for key pollutants, information on recalculations and future planned improvements.