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Agriculture and environment in EU-15 - the IRENA indicator report
EEA Report 2/2006 - Integration of environment into EU agriculture policy - the IRENA indicator-based assessment report
This report aims to provide a fair reflection of the progress, the achievements and obstacles in the integration of environmental concerns into EU agriculture policy, based on indicators developed in the IRENA operation (see Section 1.3). It also tackles limitations to successful policy implementation at Member State level, and challenges ahead.
Six groups of regions identified and used for separate analysis
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The extent of forests, semi-natural areas, wetland and water bodies in Europe, 2000
Unit = ha
The Green Background of Europe
Conceptual grouping of CORILIS layers to approach european green areas (10 km radius)
The magnitude of semi-natural vegetation, open bare surfaces, wetland and water bodies
Unit = ha
The stocks of forest types in Europe 1990-2000
Unit = ha
The transfers of land between agriculture and forest and semi-natural cover types across Europe
This maps shows the deviation from average of the conversion between forest and seminatural areas to agriculture (1990-2000), represented by NUTSX (NUTS3, NUTS2 mainly, NUTS0 in a few cases
The transfers of land between pasture and arable cover types across Europe: net conversion from pasture to arable land and permanent crops, 24 countries, 1990-2000, ha per year
This maps shows the deviation from average of the conversion between pasture and arable land (1990-2000), represented by NUTSX (NUTS3, NUTS2 mainly, NUTS0 in a few cases)
Urban sprawl, 1975-1990-2000
Urban sprawl is shown as a % change based on the initial urban area for each coastal sector.
Urban sprawl 1990-2000 in the province of Venice using a 1 km x 1 km grid
Urban sprawl 1990-2000 in the province of Venice using a 1 km x 1 km grid
Urban sprawl 1990-2000 in the province of Venice using a 1 km x 1 km grid
Urban sprawl, i.e
Urban temperatures of Europe computed from Corine land cover
Smoothed artificial surfaces (10 km radius)
Net formation of land cover across the dominant landscape types
Overlay of the Natura 2000 network with fragmentation geometry FG-A2 'Major and medium anthropogenic fragmentation', showing Spain and Portugal as an example
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Overlay of the wildlife corridor network of trans-regional importance in Switzerland with the Swiss fragmentation geometry FG4 'Land areas below 2 100 m'
The trans-regional corridor network in Switzerland for terrestrial fauna includes the wildlife corridors and the trans-regional movement axes. Red, yellow and green colours indicate the sizes of the remaining patches.
Patterns of urban sprawl across Europe, 24 countries, 1990-2000, 1 km x 1 km grid
This version is identical to version 3, only the title is different.
Predicted and observed values of effective mesh density according to the pan‑European predictive model
Effective mesh density values by NUTS-X region for Fragmentation Geometry FG-B2 in 2009. The NUTS-X regions represented by points above the diagonal line are more fragmented than predicted (e.g., FR107 Val de Marne) and those represented by by points below the diagonal line are less fragmented than predicted (e.g., CH04 Zurich).
Predicted and observed values of effective mesh density according to the six predictive models for the six groups of regions studied in Europe
Effective mesh density values by NUTS-X region for Fragmentation Geometry FG-B2 in 2009. The NUTS-X regions represented by points above the diagonal line are more fragmented than predicted and those represented by by points below the diagonal line are less fragmented than predicted. All models shown include all available variables in each group and use a square root transformation for seff.
Example illustrating the relationship between effective mesh size and effective
In this hypothetical example, the trend remains constant. A linear rise in effective mesh density (right) corresponds to a 1/x curve in the graph of the effective mesh size (left). A slower increase in fragmentation results in a flatter curve for effective mesh size, and a more rapid increase produces a steeper curve. It is therefore easier to read trends off the graph of effective mesh density (right).
Examples of the use of effective mesh density in monitoring systems of sustainable development, biodiversity, and landscape quality
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Formation of new land cover in the region of Valencia, Spain
Coloured areas on the image show where land cover change occurred between 1990 and 2000
Four ecological impacts of roads on animal populations and the time lag for their cumulative effect
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Absolute differences between the observed and the predicted values of seff according to the pan-European model
Map shows the differences between the level of fragmentation for FG-B2 calculated and the level of fragmentation predicted by the pan-European model in the 28 countries investigated
Absolute differences between the observed and the predicted values of seff using the six global models for groups A to F
Map shows the differences between the level of fragmentation for FG-B2 calculated and the level of fragmentation predicted by 6-group-European model in the 28 countries investigated