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Achieving energy efficiency through behaviour change: what does it take?
This report provides a review of available literature on measures targeting consumer behaviour in order to achieve energy savings. It focuses on: Energy efficiency measures and behaviour change; structural factors - such as the impact of liberalisation and the energy mix and energy tariff structures; the rebound effect.
Energy and environment in the European Union - Tracking progress towards integration
Indicator-based report to measure progress of environmental integration within the energy sector.
Energy and environment report 2008
Trends in appliance energy efficiency and ownership in households, EU-27
A time series of the available stock of three household appliances in EU27 compared to the specific energy consumption of those appliances and the total electricity consumption of households
Trends in heating energy consumption and energy efficiency of housing, EU-27
Time series of the growth in floor area of housing in EU27 coupled with the energy demands for space heating per dwelling, per m2 and total.
Benchmarking in the steel industry
Figure shows a more detailed comparison of the performance (in terms of energy unit consumption) of the European steel sector across the different EU-27 countries taking into account the relative share of electric steel in total crude steel production.
Change in energy consumption of EU Member States between 2005 and 2022
This chart shows the change in energy consumption of EU Member States in 2022 compared to 2005.
Energy efficiency index (ODEX) in industry in EU-27
Energy efficiency index of industry (ODEX) is a weighted average of the specific consumption index of 10 manufacturing branches; the weight being the share of each branch in the sum of the energy consumption of these branches in year t and the sum of the implied energy consumption from each underlying industrial branches in year t (based on the unit consumption of the subsector with a moving reference year).
Dashboard - Impacts of renewable energy use on decarbonisation and air pollutant emissions
Developments in fuel efficiency of an average car alongside trends in private car ownership and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Time series of the indexed values of gross domestic product (GDP), stocks of cars, total CO2 emissions of cars, total car kilometres travelled, total fuel consumption of private cars and average specific fuel consumption of cars.
Drivers of change in annual average energy consumption per household
Cooling energy consumption
Energy consumption of electrical appliances
Final energy consumption and linear trajectory level to reach 2020 target
Primary energy consumption and linear trajectory levels to reach 2020 targets, 2017 and 2018
The effect of building codes in the EU
Trend in energy efficiency and number of selected electrical appliances in households
Greenhouse gas emission targets, trends, and Member States MMR projections in the EU, 1990-2050
This figure shows the greenhouse gas emission targets, trends as well as the EU Member States (EU-28 and after 2019 EU-27) MMR projections.
Efficiency range of different biomass-to-energy conversion routes
The figure provides a first overview of the relative efficiency of different types of bioenergy. Data represent net efficiencies taking into account results of life-cycle analysis.
Accelerating the energy efficiency renovation of residential buildings — a behavioural approach
Improving the energy performance of buildings is an important part of reaching the EU’s climate, energy and air pollution targets, but requires an acceleration in renovation rates. This briefing identifies behavioural factors that influence decisions on renovation investment. It also explores how understanding these factors can inform the design of policies that more effectively encourage the renovation of residential buildings, contributing to achieving climate neutrality.
Exploring the social challenges of low-carbon energy policies in Europe
For climate change mitigation policies to be successful in reducing greenhouse gas emissions their potential social implications need to be considered and addressed. Together with multiple-level governance coordination and societal participation, these are the key success factors to achieve win-win social-climate policies, minimise the unfair impacts of carbon and energy taxes, and maximise environmental and health benefits.
More from less — material resource efficiency in Europe
This report presents an overview of approaches to material resource efficiency and to circular economy in thirty two European countries. It explores similarities and differences in national policy responses, with respect to policy objectives, priority resources and sectors, driving forces, targets and indicators, and the institutional setup. The report also reviews the EU policy framework for resource efficiency and analyses trends in material use and resource productivity between 2000 and 2014. Finally, it includes a number of considerations for the development of future policies on material resource efficiency and the circular economy. The analysis is richly illustrated with some sixty examples of countries’ policy initiatives, described in more detail in the 32 country profiles published alongside the main report.
Resource efficiency in Europe — Policies and approaches in 31 EEA member and cooperating countries
This report provides an overview of resource efficiency policies and instruments in 31 member and cooperating countries of the EEA’s Eionet network. A detailed survey was conducted during the first half of 2011 to collect, analyse and disseminate information about national experiences in developing and implementing resource efficiency policies, with the goal to facilitate the sharing of experiences and good practice. The report reviews national approaches to resource efficiency and explores similarities and differences in policies, strategies, indicators and targets, policy drivers and institutional setup. It concludes with some EEA considerations for development of future policies on resource efficiency at the EU and country levels. The analysis is illustrated with short examples of policy initiatives in the countries, described in more detail in the country profiles published together with the report.
Signals 2017 - Shaping the future of energy in Europe: Clean, smart and renewable
The European Environment Agency (EEA) publishes Signals annually, providing a snapshot of issues of interest to the environmental debate and the wider public. Signals 2017 focuses on energy.
Trends and projections in Europe 2013 – Tracking progress towards Europe's climate and energy targets until 2020
This report provide an assessment of the progress of the EU and European countries towards achieving their climate mitigation and energy policy objectives. These targets include international commitments pursuant the KP and the EU 2020 commitment to reduce by 20 % greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to 1990, to create 20 % of energy consumption from renewables and to increase energy efficiency by 20 %. The assessment is based on GHG data for the period 2008–2012, including recent estimates of proxy 2012 GHG emissions, GHG projections until 2020 submitted by Member States in 2013, as well as energy statistics until 2011.