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Regional climate change and adaptation — The Alps facing the challenge of changing water resources
Drawing on the most recent knowledge of climate change impacts in the Alps and experiences across the region, this report analyses the risks that climate change presents to the region's water supply and quality, identifying needs, constraints, opportunities, policy levers and options for adaptation. It extracts policy guidance on adaptation practice and aims to assist regional and local stakeholders in developing robust adaptation strategies. The focus of the report is on water resources and related adaptation, rather than water-related extreme events like floods, avalanches, landslides or mudflows, which are already well covered by existing studies of climate change impacts in the Alps.
Run-off and snow cover change up until the end of the 21st century in the winter, according to the CLM A1B scenario
Left: relative difference in water available for runoff
Seasonal changes in precipitation and temperature up until the end of the 21st century, according to CLM scenario A1B
Left: absolute difference in temperature
Special protection areas under the EU Birds Directive in the Alpine Biogeographical Region
Temperature and precipitation in the Alps for the period 1961–1990
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Temperature change in the Alps and their sub-regions according to different emission scenarios
Regional statistics: G = Greater Alpine Region, A = Alps, NW = north-western Alps, NE = northeastern Alps, SW = southwestern Alps, SE = southeastern Alps, H = higher than 1 500 m.
The Alpine biogeographical region.
The Alps, as defined for application of the Alpine Convention
Perimeter of the Alpine Convention
The Alps, the main river basin districts and climatic sub-regions
The Alps, the main river basin districts and climatic sub-regions
The GLORIA target regions in Europe
The GLORIA target regions in Europe. Vascular plant species richness (total and endemic species; data pooled from four summit sites per region) is shown for the initial 18 GLORIA-Europe regions.
Permanent settlement area within the Alpine Convention area
Available settlement area at level of municipalities
Erosion rate in the Alps
The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was applied to the whole alpine area. The model calculates annual soil loss (t ha-1 yr-1) based on Rainfall Erosivity Factor (MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr, Soil Erodibility Factor (t ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1, Slope length Factor (dimensionless), Slope Factor (dimensionless), Cover Management Factor (dimensionless), Human Practices aimed at erosion control. The output grid cell is 100
Alpine region
Annual precipitation series (left graph) and annual cloudiness series (right graph)
NW (top, grey) vs SE (bottom, black)
Average yearly run-offs of the main alpine rivers — tendencies
Bolt lines: 12-year moving average.
Biogeographic regions of the Russian federation
Case studies in water-sensitive regions of the Alps
Case studies in water-sensitive regions of the Alps
Change in species richness on 30 high summits of the eastern Alps during the twentieth century
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Change in temperature 1760–2007 for the Greater Alpine Region (GAR) Single years and 20-year smoothed mean GAR series from 1760–2007 (1760/1961–2007/2008)
Single years (thin lines) and 20-year smoothed mean (bold lines)
Changes in seasonal precipitation and run-off according to different emission scenarios in CLM
Left: relative difference in water available for runoff
Climate change and water conflicts
Climate change and water conflicts
Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010
Managing Europe's ecosystems and wild species
Impacts of climate change on landscape structure in Dischmatal (Graubünden, Switzerland) in an ecosystem model
Impacts of climate change on landscape structure in Dischmatal (Graubünden, Switzerland) in an ecosystem model
Increase in species richness on Swiss Alpine mountain summits in 20th century
Endemic, coldadapted species are declining as pioneer species drive them out of their characteristic niches due warming conditions
Leading horizontal climate sub-regions of the Greater Alpine Region (GAR)
Bold lines: north-west (NW), north-east (NE), southwest (SW) and southeast (SE)