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You are here: Home / Publications / The European environment - State and outlook 2005

The European environment - State and outlook 2005

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State of the environment report No 1/2005
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Published by

  • EEA (European Environment Agency)
  • OPOCE (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities)
  • Published: Nov 29, 2005

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Figures used

Final energy consumption in the transport sector Final energy consumption in the transport sector
Low and zero-sulphur fuel use (%) Low and zero-sulphur fuel use (%) No data available for Bulgaria, Malta and Romania.
Share of biofuels in transport fuels (%) Share of biofuels in transport fuels (%) No data available for Switzerland.
Trend in freight transport demand and GDP Trend in freight transport demand and GDP The two curves show the development in GDP and freight transport volumes, while the columns show the level of annual decoupling
Main land-cover changes from 1990-2000 Main land-cover changes from 1990-2000 Trend in extent of terrestrial ecosystems on the basis of land cover change between 1990 and 2000. The number in brackets indicates the total area change in hectares.
Status of commercial fish stocks in European Seas, 2003-2004 Status of commercial fish stocks in European Seas, 2003-2004 Title in Maps and Graph: Commercial fish stocks outside safe biological limits, 2004
EU habitats directive: sufficiency of Member State proposals for designated sites (EU-15, September 2004) EU habitats directive: sufficiency of Member State proposals for designated sites (EU-15, September 2004) As shown in the ''sufficiency'' indicator, some countries need to strengthen their contribution to Natura 2000 under the habitats directive
Trends in the annual intensity of passenger transport demand Trends in the annual intensity of passenger transport demand Total passenger transport demand data including air are not available for all countries and years
Annual expenditures on contaminated sites remediation by country Annual expenditures on contaminated sites remediation by country (a) Romania: data from 1997 and 2000 (b) Slovenia: data from 1999 and 2001 (c) Germany: projection from estimates of expenditures from some of the "Laender" d) Data for Belgium refer to Flanders
Sensitivity to desertification in the northern Mediterranean Sensitivity to desertification in the northern Mediterranean Sensitivity to desertification and drought in the Mediterranean basin.
Trend in passenger transport demand and GDP Trend in passenger transport demand and GDP Aviation is not included
Trends in the annual intensity of freight transport demand Trends in the annual intensity of freight transport demand Road freight transport is assigned to the country of origin of the transport vehicle in EU statistics rather than to where the vehicles drive
Low and zero-sulphur fuel use (%) Low and zero-sulphur fuel use (%) No data available for Bulgaria, France and Romania.
Development of gross inland energy consumption and energy related CO2 emissions according to different scenarios - EU-25 Development of gross inland energy consumption and energy related CO2 emissions according to different scenarios - EU-25
Trends in EU farmland bird populations in some EU countries between 1980 and 2003 based on 24 characteristic bird species Trends in EU farmland bird populations in some EU countries between 1980 and 2003 based on 24 characteristic bird species
Current water availability and changes expected by 2030 Current water availability and changes expected by 2030
EU habitats directive: sufficiency of Member State proposals for designated sites (EU-15, September 2004) EU habitats directive: sufficiency of Member State proposals for designated sites (EU-15, September 2004) As shown in the 'sufficiency' indicator, some countries need to strengthen their contribution to Natura 2000 under the habitats directive
Development of the EU-10 greenhouse gas emissions from base year to 2003 Development of the EU-10 greenhouse gas emissions from base year to 2003
Groundwater overexploitation and saltwater intrusion in Europe Groundwater overexploitation and saltwater intrusion in Europe
Concentrations of hazardous substances in fish from the north-east Atlantic and Baltic regions Concentrations of hazardous substances in fish from the north-east Atlantic and Baltic regions It should be noted that the lack of consistent or reliable data from the marine conventions or EEA counties inhibits adequate assessment of concentrations and trends of hazardous substances in European marine water
Emissions of air pollutants based on different scenarios - EU-25 Emissions of air pollutants based on different scenarios - EU-25
Trends in the annual intensity of passenger transport demand Trends in the annual intensity of passenger transport demand Total passenger transport demand data including air are not available for all countries and years
Maximum 1-hour concentrations observed during the summer period 2004 (April-September) Maximum 1-hour concentrations observed during the summer period 2004 (April-September)
Share of targeted agricultural habitat types (dependent on extensive farming practices) within Natura 2000 sites Share of targeted agricultural habitat types (dependent on extensive farming practices) within Natura 2000 sites
Average pollution concentrations for European rivers Average pollution concentrations for European rivers
Public and private sector expenditure on research and development in EU-25 Public and private sector expenditure on research and development in EU-25
Distance to target for the EU-15 in 2003 (EU Kyoto Protocol and EU Member State burden-sharing targets) Distance to target for the EU-15 in 2003 (EU Kyoto Protocol and EU Member State burden-sharing targets)
Kyoto burden-sharing targets for EU-15 countries Kyoto burden-sharing targets for EU-15 countries
Recycling of packaging waste by country, 2004 Recycling of packaging waste by country, 2004
Trend in passenger transport demand and GDP Trend in passenger transport demand and GDP The decoupling columns displayed in the chart represent annual decoupling
Built-up land and population trends Built-up land and population trends Title in the report EEA Signals 2004: Built-up land area.
Development of EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions from base year to 2003 and distance to the (hypothetical) linear EU Kyoto target path (excluding flexible mechanisms) Development of EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions from base year to 2003 and distance to the (hypothetical) linear EU Kyoto target path (excluding flexible mechanisms)
Coastal erosion patterns in Europe Coastal erosion patterns in Europe
Final energy consumption in the transport sector Final energy consumption in the transport sector
Trends in the annual intensity of freight transport demand Trends in the annual intensity of freight transport demand Tonne/km for road and rail
Number of flood events (left); number of deaths per flood event (right) Number of flood events (left); number of deaths per flood event (right) Note: Flood events include flash floods, river floods and storm surges in Europe (1976-2001).
Share of biofuels in transport fuels (%) Share of biofuels in transport fuels (%)
Decline in mean trophic level of fisheries landings Decline in mean trophic level of fisheries landings Mean trophic level of fisheries landings for the north-east Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Seas, 1950-2003 The decline in mean trophic levels results in shortened food chains, leaving ecosystems less able to cope with natural or human-induced change
Trend in freight transport demand and GDP Trend in freight transport demand and GDP The decoupling indicator is calculated as the ratio of freight transport demand to GDP measured in 1995 market prices
Reconstructed and measured temperature over the last 1 000 years (Northern hemisphere) and projected temperature rise in the next 100 years Reconstructed and measured temperature over the last 1 000 years (Northern hemisphere) and projected temperature rise in the next 100 years Reconstructed and measured temperature over the last 1 000 years (Northern hemisphere) and projected temperature rise in the next 100 years
Cumulative surface area of sites designated for the birds directive over time (special protection areas - SPAs) Cumulative surface area of sites designated for the birds directive over time (special protection areas - SPAs) The figure shows the cumulative surface area of sites designated for the birds directive over time (special protection areas - SPAs)
European annual, winter and summer temperature deviations (in oC, expressed as 10 year mean compared with the 1961-1990 average) European annual, winter and summer temperature deviations (in oC, expressed as 10 year mean compared with the 1961-1990 average)
Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000 Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000 Sprawl in the countryside
Generation of packaging waste and GDP in the EU-15 Generation of packaging waste and GDP in the EU-15
Number of coastal stations per country showing no trend, decreasing or increasing trend in summer surface concentrations of chlorophyll-a, 2003 Number of coastal stations per country showing no trend, decreasing or increasing trend in summer surface concentrations of chlorophyll-a, 2003
Total land cover turnover 1990-2000 as % of total territory, EEA-23 Total land cover turnover 1990-2000 as % of total territory, EEA-23
Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000 Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000
European opinions on the environment's influence on the quality of life and the perception of the environment's importance in the policy-making process European opinions on the environment's influence on the quality of life and the perception of the environment's importance in the policy-making process
Number of EU-15 agglomerations of more than 150 000 p.e. by treatment level, situation on 1st January 2002 Number of EU-15 agglomerations of more than 150 000 p.e. by treatment level, situation on 1st January 2002 169 of the 526 cities with population equivalent more than 150 000 did not have a sufficient standard of treatment on 1st of January 2002 to meet the objectives of the UWWT Directive
Contribution to total change in acidifying pollutant emissions for each sector and pollutant (EU-15), 2002 Contribution to total change in acidifying pollutant emissions for each sector and pollutant (EU-15), 2002 'Contribution to change' plots show the contribution to the total emission change between 1990-2002 made by a specified sector/pollutant.
Percentage of artificial coastline length by NUTS3 Percentage of artificial coastline length by NUTS3 Percentage of built-up in 10 km and 1 km coastal buffer, by NUTS3 (CLC90 a nd CLC2000)
Change in emission of ozone precursors (EFTA-3 and EU-15) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-15 only), 1990-2002 Change in emission of ozone precursors (EFTA-3 and EU-15) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-15 only), 1990-2002
Municipal waste generation in western European (WE) and central and eastern European (CEE) countries Municipal waste generation in western European (WE) and central and eastern European (CEE) countries
Annual production of major commercial aquaculture species groups, 1990-2001 Annual production of major commercial aquaculture species groups, 1990-2001 Includes all countries and production environments for which data are available
Cumulative surface area of sites designated for the habitats directive over time (sites of Community importance - SCIs) Cumulative surface area of sites designated for the habitats directive over time (sites of Community importance - SCIs) The figure shows the cumulative surface area of sites designated for the habitats directive over time (sites of Community importance - SCIs)
Municipal waste generation in western European (WE) and central and eastern European (CEE) countries Municipal waste generation in western European (WE) and central and eastern European (CEE) countries
EEA scorecard 2005 - Greenhouse gas emissions EEA scorecard 2005 - Greenhouse gas emissions
Net change in land cover 1990-2000, EEA-23 - ha Net change in land cover 1990-2000, EEA-23 - ha
Trends in nitrate concentrations in rivers (1990s and early 2000s) in European countries Trends in nitrate concentrations in rivers (1990s and early 2000s) in European countries Number of river stations for each country given in brackets
Soil contamination by heavy metals Soil contamination by heavy metals Concentration of Pb in topsoils (0-25cm)
Final energy consumption by sector, EU-25 Final energy consumption by sector, EU-25 (1990 - 2002)
Emissions of primary and secondary fine particles (EU-15), 1990-2002 Emissions of primary and secondary fine particles (EU-15), 1990-2002
Decoupling in the energy sectors 2000-2020 Decoupling in the energy sectors 2000-2020 (percentage change to 2020)
Global greenhouse gas emissions for the baseline and climate action scenario (1970-2100) Global greenhouse gas emissions for the baseline and climate action scenario (1970-2100)
Highest daily PM10 concentration (36th highest daily 24h-mean) observed at urban stations (EEA member countries), 1997-2002 Highest daily PM10 concentration (36th highest daily 24h-mean) observed at urban stations (EEA member countries), 1997-2002
Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000 Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000 Conversion of arable land to pasture or forest
Mean annual urban land take 1990-2000 as a percentage of 1990 artificial land Mean annual urban land take 1990-2000 as a percentage of 1990 artificial land In some large countries, dates of satellite images for regions may differ by several years
Consumption of ozone depleting substances (EU-27), 1989-2000 Consumption of ozone depleting substances (EU-27), 1989-2000 CFC: ChloroFuoroCarbon, HCFC: HydroChloroFluoroCarbon, CTC: CarbonTetraChloride; MCF: MethylChloroForm
Percentage of rivers distributed on water quality classes for BOD (mgO2/l) and orthophosphate (mg/l) in 2001 (1997 for Netherlands) Percentage of rivers distributed on water quality classes for BOD (mgO2/l) and orthophosphate (mg/l) in 2001 (1997 for Netherlands)
Final energy consumption by country Final energy consumption by country TOE refers to tonnes of oil equivalent
Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries), 1990-2002 Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EEA member countries), 1990-2002 The EEA32 country grouping includes EEA31 member countries + Croatia
EEA scorecard 2005 - Use of freshwater ressources EEA scorecard 2005 - Use of freshwater ressources
Changes in wastewater treatment in regions of Europe between 1980s and late 1990s Changes in wastewater treatment in regions of Europe between 1980s and late 1990s Only countries with data from all periods included, the number of countries in parentheses
Global average rate of temperature change (in oC per decade) Global average rate of temperature change (in oC per decade)
Trends in the annual intensity of passenger transport demand Trends in the annual intensity of passenger transport demand Total passenger transport demand data including air are not available for all countries and years
Total GHG emissions in EU-25 (baseline and climate action scenarios) Total GHG emissions in EU-25 (baseline and climate action scenarios)
Conversions between agriculture, forest and natural land, ha/year, as % of country area, 1990-2000 Conversions between agriculture, forest and natural land, ha/year, as % of country area, 1990-2000
Treatment of packaging waste Treatment of packaging waste
Measured and projected concentrations of 'Kyoto' greenhouse gases Measured and projected concentrations of 'Kyoto' greenhouse gases
Dominant landscape types of Europe, based on Corine land cover 2000 Dominant landscape types of Europe, based on Corine land cover 2000
Origin of artificial land uptake as % of total, 1990-2000, EEA-23 Origin of artificial land uptake as % of total, 1990-2000, EEA-23
Main annual flows of agricultural internal conversions in ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23 Main annual flows of agricultural internal conversions in ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23
Temporal coverage for the three data sets Temporal coverage for the three data sets This figure shows the temporal coverage of three different datasets for Habitats, Birds and Butterflies
Contribution to change in ozone precursors emissions for each sector and pollutant (EU-15), 1990-2002 Contribution to change in ozone precursors emissions for each sector and pollutant (EU-15), 1990-2002 'Contribution to change' plots show the contribution to the total emission change between 1990-2002 made by a specified sector/ pollutant
Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000 Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000 Spain and Portugal
Economic and insured losses caused by weather and climate related disasters in Europe Economic and insured losses caused by weather and climate related disasters in Europe
Percentage of EU inland bathing waters complying with mandatory standards and meeting guide levels of the bathing waters directive for the year 2003 by country Percentage of EU inland bathing waters complying with mandatory standards and meeting guide levels of the bathing waters directive for the year 2003 by country
Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000 Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000 Sprawl along transport axes and the coastline
Main trends in woodland and forests formation, ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23 Main trends in woodland and forests formation, ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23
Exposure of crops to ozone (exposure expressed as AOT40 in (mg/m3).h) in EEA member countries, 1996-2002 Exposure of crops to ozone (exposure expressed as AOT40 in (mg/m3).h) in EEA member countries, 1996-2002 The target value for protection of vegetation is 18 (mg/m3).h while the long-term objective is set to 6 (mg/m3).h
Change in emission of acidifying substances (EFTA-3 and EU-15) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-15 only), 1990-2002 Change in emission of acidifying substances (EFTA-3 and EU-15) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-15 only), 1990-2002
Relative contribution of land-cover categories to uptake by urban and other artificial land development Relative contribution of land-cover categories to uptake by urban and other artificial land development In some large countries, dates of satellite images for regions may differ by several years
State of commercial fish stocks in Mediterranean Sea up to 2004 State of commercial fish stocks in Mediterranean Sea up to 2004 Coverage 1
Ecological overshoot 1961 - 2002 Ecological overshoot 1961 - 2002
Changes in emissions of primary and secondary fine particles (EFTA-3 and EU-15), 1990-2002 Changes in emissions of primary and secondary fine particles (EFTA-3 and EU-15), 1990-2002
Total number of endangered vascular plant species and the share of endangered tree species and other endangered vascular plant species in forests Total number of endangered vascular plant species and the share of endangered tree species and other endangered vascular plant species in forests
Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000 Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000 The Alps and the French Mediterranean
EEA scorecard 2005 - Municipal waste generation EEA scorecard 2005 - Municipal waste generation
Percentage of coastal surface covered by Natura 2000 designated areas Percentage of coastal surface covered by Natura 2000 designated areas Refers to 10 km zone for terrestrial and for marine side, respectively.
Trends in birds and butterfly populations in EU-25 (% decline) Trends in birds and butterfly populations in EU-25 (% decline) The number in brackets show the number of species taken into account for each habitat type
EEA scorecard 2005 - Ranking graphs EEA scorecard 2005 - Ranking graphs
Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000 Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000 Scotland and Ireland
Global annual average temperature deviations, 1850-2004, compared with the 1961-1990 average (in oC) Global annual average temperature deviations, 1850-2004, compared with the 1961-1990 average (in oC)
EEA scorecard 2005 - Emissions of acidifying substances EEA scorecard 2005 - Emissions of acidifying substances
Special protection areas (SPAs) established under the EU birds directive (EU-25) Special protection areas (SPAs) established under the EU birds directive (EU-25) As declared by Member States in the Standard Data Form (COM 97/266/EC)
Land cover change from 1990 to 2000 expressed as % of the 1990 level, aggregated into EUNIS habitat level 1 categories Land cover change from 1990 to 2000 expressed as % of the 1990 level, aggregated into EUNIS habitat level 1 categories
Political map of EEA member and collaborating countries Political map of EEA member and collaborating countries The map addresses the region covered in The European environment - State and outlook report 2005.
Percentage of inclusion of globally threatened species occurring in EU-25 in protected species lists of EU directives and the Bern Convention Percentage of inclusion of globally threatened species occurring in EU-25 in protected species lists of EU directives and the Bern Convention
Packaging waste generation per capita and by country Packaging waste generation per capita and by country
EEA scorecard 2005 - Total energy consumption EEA scorecard 2005 - Total energy consumption
Low and zero-sulphur fuel use (%), EU-15 Low and zero-sulphur fuel use (%), EU-15
Exposure above AOT40 target values for vegetation around rural ozone stations (EEA member countries), 2002 Exposure above AOT40 target values for vegetation around rural ozone stations (EEA member countries), 2002 Reference period: May - July 2002
Water exploitation index. Total water abstraction per year as percentage of long-term freshwater resources in 1990 and 2002 Water exploitation index. Total water abstraction per year as percentage of long-term freshwater resources in 1990 and 2002 1990 = 1991 for Germany, France, Spain and Latvia; 1990 = 1992 for Hungary and Iceland; 2002 = 2001 for Germany, The Netherlands, Bulgaria and Turkey; 2002 = 2000 for Malta 2002 = 1999 Luxembourg, Finland and Austria; 2002 = 1998 for Italy and Portugal; 2002 = 1997 for Greece; No data for Belgium, Ireland and Norway
Decoupling in the transport sectors 2000-2020 Decoupling in the transport sectors 2000-2020 (percentage change to 2020)
Packaging waste generation per capita and by country Packaging waste generation per capita and by country
Availability of Corine land cover data Availability of Corine land cover data
Main annual flows of conversion between agriculture and forests/ dry semi-natural land in ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23 Main annual flows of conversion between agriculture and forests/ dry semi-natural land in ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23
Percentage of bathing water sample points complying with Guide values (C(G)) or complying with Mandatory values (C(I)) - 2003 Percentage of bathing water sample points complying with Guide values (C(G)) or complying with Mandatory values (C(I)) - 2003
EEA scorecard 2005 - Area under organic farming EEA scorecard 2005 - Area under organic farming
Percentage of total load in sensitive area, and percentage of load in sensitive area by country, not conforming to the requirements of the urban waste water treatment directive, 2001 Percentage of total load in sensitive area, and percentage of load in sensitive area by country, not conforming to the requirements of the urban waste water treatment directive, 2001 DE and NL have designated their whole territory as a sensitive area, but are not in conformity with the goal of 75% reduction of N
Production of ozone depleting substances (EEA-31), 1989-2000 Production of ozone depleting substances (EEA-31), 1989-2000 Production is weighted by the Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP)
Mean annual urban and infrastructures land take as % of total EEA-23 urban land take Mean annual urban and infrastructures land take as % of total EEA-23 urban land take
Actual and projected EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions compared with Kyoto target for 2008-12 Actual and projected EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions compared with Kyoto target for 2008-12
Trends in the concentration of BOD in rivers and between 1992 and 2002 in different countries Trends in the concentration of BOD in rivers and between 1992 and 2002 in different countries Number of river monitoring stations included in analysis noted in brackets
Recycling of packaging waste by country, 2002 Recycling of packaging waste by country, 2002
EEA scorecard 2005 - Emissions of ozone precursors EEA scorecard 2005 - Emissions of ozone precursors
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in German human plasma - Some results from the German Environmental Specimen Bank Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in German human plasma - Some results from the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Contributions to the changes in emission of primary and secondary fine particles (PM10), per sector and per pollutant (EU-15), 2002 Contributions to the changes in emission of primary and secondary fine particles (PM10), per sector and per pollutant (EU-15), 2002 'Contribution to change' plots show the contribution to the total emission change between 1990-2002 made by a specified sector/ pollutant.
Nitrate and phosphorus concentrations in European freshwater bodies between 1992/1993 and 2002 Nitrate and phosphorus concentrations in European freshwater bodies between 1992/1993 and 2002 Concentrations are expressed as annual median concentrations for groundwater, and median of annual average concentrations for rivers and lakes
EU-25 and European-wide ecosystem damage area (average accumulated exceedance of critical loads), 1980-2020 EU-25 and European-wide ecosystem damage area (average accumulated exceedance of critical loads), 1980-2020 Data source of deposition-data used to calculate exceedances: EMEP/MSC-W
Otter populations in France in 1930 and 1990 Otter populations in France in 1930 and 1990 The population is shown on level of NUTS3.
European Fishing Fleet Capacity: Tonnage, 2003 European Fishing Fleet Capacity: Tonnage, 2003 Data availability: 1989-2003 for EU-15; 1989-1992 & 1998-2003 for EFTA; 1989- 1995 for EC; 1992-1995 for BS countries
Annual aquaculture production by major area (EU-15 + EFTA and EU-10 + AC + Balkans), 1990-2001 Annual aquaculture production by major area (EU-15 + EFTA and EU-10 + AC + Balkans), 1990-2001 Aquaculture production includes all environments i.e
Exceedance of air quality target values for ozone in urban areas (EEA member countries), 1996-2002 Exceedance of air quality target values for ozone in urban areas (EEA member countries), 1996-2002 Over the years 1996 - 2002 the total population for which exposure estimates are made, increases from 50 to 110 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring station reporting under the Exchange of Information Decision
European Fishing Fleet Capacity: Number of vessels, 2003 European Fishing Fleet Capacity: Number of vessels, 2003 Data availability: Number of vessels 1989-2002 for EU-15; 1989-1992 & 1998-2002 for EFTA; 1989-1995 & 2001 for EU-10; 1992-1995 & 2001 for AC countries.Legend:Countries have been grouped into the following categories: EU-15 (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Findland, Sweden,United Kingdom), EFTA (Iceland and Norway), EU-10 (new member states: Estonia, Cyprus, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Poland, and Slovenia), CC (accession countries: Bulgaria and Romania).
Nitrate concentrations in groundwater bodies between 1993 and 2002 in different regions of Europe Nitrate concentrations in groundwater bodies between 1993 and 2002 in different regions of Europe Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands; 27 GW-bodies
Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EU-15), 1990-2002 Emission trends of acidifying pollutants (EU-15), 1990-2002
Total energy intensity, EU-25 Total energy intensity, EU-25 Some estimates have been necessary in order to compute the EU-25 GDP index for 1990
EEA scorecard 2005 - Renewable electricity EEA scorecard 2005 - Renewable electricity
Mean annual urban and infrastructures land take as % of total land cover change 1990-2000 Mean annual urban and infrastructures land take as % of total land cover change 1990-2000
Net formation of forest territory and natural land 1990-2000 as % of initial year Net formation of forest territory and natural land 1990-2000 as % of initial year
Contribution to change in ozone precursors emissions for each sector and pollutant (EU-10), 2002 Contribution to change in ozone precursors emissions for each sector and pollutant (EU-10), 2002 'Contribution to change' plots show the contribution to the total emission change between 1990-2002 made by a specified sector/ pollutant
Peak ozone concentration (26th highest maximum daily 8h-mean) observed at urban background stations (EEA member countries), 1996-2002 Peak ozone concentration (26th highest maximum daily 8h-mean) observed at urban background stations (EEA member countries), 1996-2002
Ecological change status of Ramsar sites within the EEA member countries according to national reports to the Ramsar Convention Ecological change status of Ramsar sites within the EEA member countries according to national reports to the Ramsar Convention
Emission trends of ozone precursors (ktonnes NMVOC-equivalent) for EEA member countries, 1990-2002 Emission trends of ozone precursors (ktonnes NMVOC-equivalent) for EEA member countries, 1990-2002 The EEA32 country grouping includes EEA31 member countries + Croatia
Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000 Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000 Withdrawal of farming and conversion of marginal land to crops
Decoupling in the industry sectors 2000-2020 Decoupling in the industry sectors 2000-2020 (percentage change to 2020)
Share of organic farming area in total utilised agricultural area Share of organic farming area in total utilised agricultural area The figure shows the share of organic farmong area in total utilised agricultural area 1990 and 2002
Contribution of renewable energy sources to total energy consumption, EU-25 Contribution of renewable energy sources to total energy consumption, EU-25 (1990 - 2002)
Final energy consumption in the transport sector Final energy consumption in the transport sector By 2002, only a few EU countries had consumption of biofuels or were reporting consumption of biofuels to Eurostat
Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000 Internal and external conversions of agriculture 1990-2000 Conversion of arable land to pasture and withdrawal of farming
EEA scorecard 2005 - Scorecard summary EEA scorecard 2005 - Scorecard summary
Drivers of artificial land development Drivers of artificial land development
Net conversion between pasture (+) and arable land/permanent crops (-) ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23 Net conversion between pasture (+) and arable land/permanent crops (-) ha/year, 1990-2000, EEA-23
Land take by several types of human activity per year in 23 European countries, 1990-2000 Land take by several types of human activity per year in 23 European countries, 1990-2000 In some large countries, dates of satellite images for regions may differ by several years
Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000 Afforestation in Europe, 1990-2000
Change in emission of ozone precursors (CC-4 and EU-10) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-10 only), 1990-2002 Change in emission of ozone precursors (CC-4 and EU-10) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-10 only), 1990-2002 Data from Malta not available.
Present concentration of BOD5, BOD7 (mg O2/l) in rivers Present concentration of BOD5, BOD7 (mg O2/l) in rivers Number of river monitoring stations included in analysis noted in brackets
Changes in European fishing fleet capacity: 1989-2003 Changes in European fishing fleet capacity: 1989-2003 Power changes refer to 1989-2003 for EU 15 and 1997 -2002 for EFTA
Proportion of total surface area designated only for the habitats directive, protected only by national instruments, and covered by both (sites of Community importance - SCIs) Proportion of total surface area designated only for the habitats directive, protected only by national instruments, and covered by both (sites of Community importance - SCIs) The figure shows the proportion of total surface area designated only for the habitats directive, protected only by national instruments, and covered by both (sites of Community importance - SCIs)
Trends in the annual intensity of freight transport demand Trends in the annual intensity of freight transport demand Tonne/km for road, rail and inland waterways.
Total energy intensity by country Total energy intensity by country The year for the reference index value is 1995 because GDP for 1990 was not available for all countries
Number of reported deaths and minimum and maximum temperature in Paris during the heatwave in summer 2003 Number of reported deaths and minimum and maximum temperature in Paris during the heatwave in summer 2003 Notes: Reported deaths (bars on left axis), temperature (lines, right axis).
Percentage of EU coastal bathing waters complying with mandatory standards and meeting guide levels of the bathing waters directive for the year 2003 by country Percentage of EU coastal bathing waters complying with mandatory standards and meeting guide levels of the bathing waters directive for the year 2003 by country
Organic farming area in Europe Organic farming area in Europe The figure shows the organic farming area in Europe
Excess of nitrogen deposition (year 2000 (left) and 2030 MTFR scenario (right)) Excess of nitrogen deposition (year 2000 (left) and 2030 MTFR scenario (right)) Percentage of total ecosystems area receiving nitrogen deposition above the critical loads (data base of 2004)
Footprint versus population - EU-25 and Switzerland Footprint versus population - EU-25 and Switzerland
Comparison between environmental concerns and lack of information Europeans have Comparison between environmental concerns and lack of information Europeans have
Decoupling in the agriculture sectors 2000-2020 Decoupling in the agriculture sectors 2000-2020 (percentage change to 2020)
Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000 Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000
Share of biofuels in transport fuels (%) Share of biofuels in transport fuels (%) The Biofuels Directive aims at promoting the use of biofuels for transport to replace diesel or petrol
Trends in mean summer chlorophyll-a concentrations in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean (mainly Italian waters) and the Greater North Sea (mainly the eastern North Sea and the Skagerrak), 1985-2003 Trends in mean summer chlorophyll-a concentrations in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean (mainly Italian waters) and the Greater North Sea (mainly the eastern North Sea and the Skagerrak), 1985-2003 Trend analyses are based on time series 1985-2003 from each monitoring station having at least 3 years of data in the period 1995-2003 and at least 5 years of data in all
Share of renewable energy in total energy consumption (%) Share of renewable energy in total energy consumption (%) No energy data for Liechtenstein available from Eurostat (1990, 1995 - 2002)
Exceedance of air quality limit value of PM10 in urban areas (EEA member countries), 1996-2002 Exceedance of air quality limit value of PM10 in urban areas (EEA member countries), 1996-2002 For years before 1997 representative monitoring data is not available
Total energy consumption by fuel in the EU-25 Total energy consumption by fuel in the EU-25 TOE refers to tonnes of oil equivalents (1990 - 2002)
Emission trends of ozone precursors (ktonnes NMVOC-equivalent) for EU-15, 1990-2002 Emission trends of ozone precursors (ktonnes NMVOC-equivalent) for EU-15, 1990-2002
Mean annual total new forest creation, afforestation as % of total EEA-23 Mean annual total new forest creation, afforestation as % of total EEA-23
Reductions in SO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production in the EU-15 Reductions in SO2 emissions from public electricity and heat production in the EU-15 Emissions data for Luxembourg are not available and so this country is not included in the calculation for the European Union
PCB levels found in human blood samples from Arctic people PCB levels found in human blood samples from Arctic people PCB (as Arochlor 1260) concentrations in blood of mothers and women of child-bearing age.
Summary of trends in winter nitrate and phosphate concentration, and N/P ratio in the coastal waters of the North Atlantic (mostly Celtic Seas), the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean and the North Sea, 1985-2003 Summary of trends in winter nitrate and phosphate concentration, and N/P ratio in the coastal waters of the North Atlantic (mostly Celtic Seas), the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean and the North Sea, 1985-2003 Trend analyses are based on time series 1985-2003 from each monitoring station having at least 3 years data in the period 1995-2003 and at least 5 years data in all
Trend in freight transport demand and GDP Trend in freight transport demand and GDP The decoupling indicator is calculated as the ratio of freight transport demand to GDP measured in 1995 market prices
EEA scorecard 2005 - Freight transport demand EEA scorecard 2005 - Freight transport demand
Water abstraction in Europe (EEA-31 without data for Iceland) Water abstraction in Europe (EEA-31 without data for Iceland)
Total land cover 2000 - % Total land cover 2000 - %
Water stress in large European river basins, 2000 and 2030 Water stress in large European river basins, 2000 and 2030 -
Change in EU-15 emissions of greenhouse gases by sector and gas 1990-2003 Change in EU-15 emissions of greenhouse gases by sector and gas 1990-2003
Mean annual urban land take as a percentage of total Europe-23 urban land take 1990-2000 Mean annual urban land take as a percentage of total Europe-23 urban land take 1990-2000 In some large countries, dates of satellite images for regions may differ by several years
Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000 Sprawl of urban and other artificial land development, 1990-2000 Time lags and uneven development
Targets of the packaging and packaging waste directive Targets of the packaging and packaging waste directive
Trend in passenger transport demand and GDP Trend in passenger transport demand and GDP If the decoupling indicator (vertical bars) is above 100 transport demand is outpacing GDP growth (i.e
Mean annual urban and infrastructures land take as % of artificial land cover 1990 Mean annual urban and infrastructures land take as % of artificial land cover 1990
Share of renewable electricity in gross electricity consumption in the EU25 in 2002 Share of renewable electricity in gross electricity consumption in the EU25 in 2002 The renewable electricity directive (2001/77/EC) defines renewable electricity as the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in total electricity consumption
Annual Water availability per capita by country, 2001 Annual Water availability per capita by country, 2001
Pan-European marine ecosystems Pan-European marine ecosystems The large marine ecosystems (LMEs) project was created in support of the global objectives of Chapter 17 of Agenda 21, as a follow-up to the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
Trends in the concentration of total ammonium in rivers and between 1992 and 2002 in different countries Trends in the concentration of total ammonium in rivers and between 1992 and 2002 in different countries Number of river monitoring stations included in analysis noted in brackets
Total energy consumption by fuel (%) Total energy consumption by fuel (%) TOE refers to tonnes of oil equivalent
Distribution of the endangered risk status of national main livestock breeds (cattle, pig, sheep, goat and poultry) in EU-15 Distribution of the endangered risk status of national main livestock breeds (cattle, pig, sheep, goat and poultry) in EU-15 Distribution of the endangered risk status of national main livestock breeds
Change in emission of acidifying substances (CC-4 and EU-10) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-10 only), 1990-2002 Change in emission of acidifying substances (CC-4 and EU-10) compared with 2010 NECD targets (EU-10 only), 1990-2002 Data not available for Malta.
BOD and total ammonium concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2002 BOD and total ammonium concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2002 Number of river monitoring stations included in analysis noted in brackets
Marine aquaculture production relative to coastline length, 2001 Marine aquaculture production relative to coastline length, 2001 Only marine and brackish waters production
Net formation of agriculture land 1990-2000, as % of initial year Net formation of agriculture land 1990-2000, as % of initial year
Percentage compliance of EU coastal and inland bathing waters with mandatory standards of the bathing water directive, 1992 to 2003 for EU-15 Percentage compliance of EU coastal and inland bathing waters with mandatory standards of the bathing water directive, 1992 to 2003 for EU-15 1992 to 1994, 12 EU Member States, 1995/96, 14 EU Member States, 1997 onwards, 15 EU Member States
Relative gaps between GHG projections and 2010 targets, based on existing and additional domestic policies and measures, and changes by the use of Kyoto mechanisms Relative gaps between GHG projections and 2010 targets, based on existing and additional domestic policies and measures, and changes by the use of Kyoto mechanisms
Overview of progress in control and remediation of soil contamination by country Overview of progress in control and remediation of soil contamination by country Progress is expressed in terms of degree of completeness of activities in each management step as compared to the estimated number of sites to be processed at each management step
Share of renewable electricity in gross electricity consumption in the EU25 (includes 2010 indicative targets) Share of renewable electricity in gross electricity consumption in the EU25 (includes 2010 indicative targets) The electricity directive (2001/77/EC) defines renewable electricity as the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in total electricity consumption
Water stress in Europe Water stress in Europe Current water stress in European river basins (year 2000) and under the LREM-E scenario by 2030.
Proportion of total surface area designated under the birds directive, protected only by national instruments and covered by both (special protection areas - SPAs) Proportion of total surface area designated under the birds directive, protected only by national instruments and covered by both (special protection areas - SPAs) The figure shows the proportion of total surface area designated under the birds directive, protected only by national instruments and covered by both (special protection areas - SPAs)
Net formation of forest and transitional woodland, in ha, 1990-2000, EEA-23 Net formation of forest and transitional woodland, in ha, 1990-2000, EEA-23
Actual and projected greenhouse gas emissions aggregated for new Member States Actual and projected greenhouse gas emissions aggregated for new Member States Past GHG emissions include the eight new Member States which have Kyoto target (not Cyprus and Malta)
CO2 reductions in EU-15 for electricity and heat production, 1990-2002 CO2 reductions in EU-15 for electricity and heat production, 1990-2002 Emissions data for Luxembourg is not available and so this country is not included in the calculation for the European Union
Average occurrence of exceedances for stations, which reported at least one exceedance, by EU region Average occurrence of exceedances for stations, which reported at least one exceedance, by EU region
Rotations within the forest territory, ha/year, as % of the forested territory 1990 Rotations within the forest territory, ha/year, as % of the forested territory 1990
Decoupling in the household sectors 2000-2020 Decoupling in the household sectors 2000-2020 (percentage change to 2020)
Gross nutrient balance at national level Gross nutrient balance at national level EEA calculations on the basis of the following: Harvested crops and forage Crop area (Eurostat's ZPA1 data set or Farm Structure Survey); Livestock numbers (Eurostat's ZPA1 data set or Farm Structure Survey); Livestock excretion rates (OECD or averaged coefficients from Member States); Fertiliser rates (EFMA); Nitrogen fixation (OECD or averaged coefficients from Member States Farm Structure Survey); Atmospheric Deposition (EMEP); Yields (Eurostat's ZPA1 data set or average coefficients from Member States).
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