Environmental indicator report 2012 - Ecosystem resilience and resource efficiency in a green economy in Europe

Attainment situation for SO2, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001: The graphs are based on the 99.2 percentile of daily mean concentration values corresponding to the 4th highest daily mean; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Trend in annual mean CO concentrations (2001–2010) per station type: All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in mg/m3. In the diagram a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations
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Ozone AOT40 for forest, 2007: -
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Ozone AOT40 for crops, 2007: -
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Ozone 26th highest maximum 8-hour daily value, 2006: -
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Sulphur dioxide 2009. Annual limit value for the protection of ecosystems: In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set two limit values for sulphur dioxide (SO2) for the protection of vegetation within the zones designated by member states: the SO2 annual mean value may not exceed 20 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) and the SO2 mean value for the winter period (1 October to 31 March) may not exceed 20 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3).
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4th highest 24-hour mean SO2 concentration observed at urban stations, 2001-2010 (EU-27): Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Denmark, Finland and Malta, are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.
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Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (CSI 004) - Assessment published Nov 2012: Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) In the period 2001-2010, 18-41 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (50 microgram/m 3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than 35 days a calendar year); (Figure 1). Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) In the period 2001-2010, 6-27 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations above the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (40 microgram NO 2 /m 3 annual mean). There was a slight downwards trend over the period (Figure 1) Ozone (O 3 ) In the period 2001-2010, 15-61 % of the urban population in EU-27 was exposed to ambient ozone concentrations exceeding the EU target value set for the protection of human health (120 microgram O 3 /m 3 daily maximum 8-hourly average, not to be exceeded more than 25 times a calendar year, averaged over three years and to be achieved where possible by 2010). The 61 % of the urban population exposed to ambient ozone concentrations over the EU target value was recorded in 2003, which was the record year. There was no discernible trend over the period (Figure 1). Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) In the period 2001-2010, the fraction of the urban population in EU-27 that is potentially exposed to ambient concentrations of sulphur dioxide in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (125 microgram SO 2 /m 3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than three days a year), decreased to less than 1 %, and as such the EU limit value set is close to being met everywhere in the urban background (Figure 1).
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Distance to target for EEA member countries - Sulphur dioxide: Data are for sulphur dioxide (SO2). The distance to target results are shown in green (countries need to do more to be on track to meet their ceiling in 2010) and purple (countries are on track to meet their ceiling in 2010).
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Change in sulphur dioxide emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2007 (EEA member countries): Bar chart showing percentage change between 1990 and 2007 of sulphur dioxide emissions. Detail is shown by sector (EEA's sector classification).
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