Publications

Trend in NO2 and NOX annual mean concentrations (2001–2010) per station type (top); percentage frequency distribution of estimated annual change of NO2 annual mean concentrations at urban stations and at traffic stations (bottom): All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the top two diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations. In the percentage frequency distribution graphs, closed bars denote stations showing a statistically significant trend, open bars denote stations with a non-significant trend. Statistically significant trends (level of significance 0.1) are calculated by applying the Mann-Kendall test. The applied method is described in de Leeuw, 2012.
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Attainment situation for NO2, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001: The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Annual changes in concentrations of PM10, O3 and NO2 in the period 2001–2010: Statistically significant trends (level of significance 0.1) are calculated by applying the Mann-Kendall test. The trend slopes are indicated with coloured dots when statistically significant. Red dots indicate increasing concentrations. The applied method is described in de Leeuw, 2012
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Air quality in Europe — 2012 report: This report presents an overview and analysis of the status and trends of air quality in Europe based on concentration measurements in ambient air and data on anthropogenic emissions and trends from 2001 — when mandatory monitoring of ambient air concentrations of selected pollutants first produced reliable air quality information — to 2010.
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Percentage of population exposed to NO2 annual concentrations in urban areas, 2001-2010 (EU-27): The annual mean limit value is 40 µg NO2/m3 and to be met by 2010. Over the years 2001-2010 the total population, for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 92 to 116 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting air quality data under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus and Malta, are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.
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Percentage of urban population resident in areas where pollutant concentrations are higher than selected limit/target values, 2001-2010 (EU-27): The rationale for selection of pollutant and corresponding limit/target values for CSI 004 is given in the justification for indicator selection. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit.
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Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (CSI 004) - Assessment published May 2012: Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) In the period 1997-2009, 18-49 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (50 microgram/m 3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than 35 days a calendar year and to be met by 2005). There was no discernible trend over the period (Figure 1). Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) In the period 1997-2009, 6-41 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient air nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations above the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (40 microgram NO 2 /m 3 annual mean and to be met by 2010). There was a slight downwards trend over the period (Figure 1). Ozone (O 3 ) In the period 1997-2009, 13-61 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient ozone concentrations exceeding the EU target value set for the protection of human health (120 microgram O 3 /m 3 daily maximum 8-hourly average, not to be exceeded more than 25 times a calendar year by 2010, averaged over three years and to be achieved where possible by 2010). The 61 % of the urban population exposed to ambient ozone concentrations over the EU target value was recorded in 2003. There was no discernible trend over the period (Figure 1). Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) In the period 1997-2009, the fraction of the urban population in EU-27 that is potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations of sulphur dioxide in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (125 microgram SO 2 /m 3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than three days a year and to be met by 2005), decreased to less than 1 %, and as such the EU limit value is close to being met everywhere in the urban background (Figure 1).
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas
AirBase - Exchange of information: Location of stations for which 2010 air quality data for components O3, PM10, NO2, SO2, C6H6, PM2.5, Pb, CO have been reported. Observed concentration maps for which 2010 air quality data for components O3, PM10, NO2, SO2, C6H6, PM2.5, CO, BaP, Pb, Cd, As and Ni have been reported.
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Drivers of N2O emissions from EU agricultural soils, 1990–2008: -
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Decomposition analysis of N2O emission trends from EU agricultural soils, 1990–2008: Each bar shows the contribution of a single driver on GHG emission trends during a determined period. The thick short black lines indicate the combined effect of all emission drivers, i.e. the overall GHG emission trend during the period considered.
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