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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2008 and 2007-2008
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2008 and 2007-2008. The highest growth rates in renewable electricity production in 2007-2008 were observed for photovoltaic (97%/year), wind (13 %/year) and biomass (7 %/year)
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Renewable electricity as a percentage of gross electricity consumption, 2008
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Renewable electricity as a percentage of gross electricity consumption, 2008.
The renewable electricity directive (2001/77/EC) defines renewable electricity as the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in total electricity consumption. The latter includes imports and exports of electricity. The electricity generated from pumping in hydropower plants is included in total electricity consumption but it is not included as a renewable source of energy. Large hydropower plants have a capacity of more than 10 MW.
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Share of renewable electricity in gross electricity consumption (%) 1990-2008 and 2010 indicative targets
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The data for World, Africa, Middle East, China, India, Russia and the United States are extracted from the EIA-database from the US DOE. These figures slightly differ from the Eurostat data.
The renewable electricity share in Norway is above 100% in some years because a part of the (renewable) electricity generated domestically is exported to other countries. No 2007-2008 data available for Iceland, 2006 data were used
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Electricity consumption per capita (in kWh/cap) in 2008
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The average electricity use per capita in the EU-27 is over 2.3 times the global average and 2.8 times that of China. Only Luxembourg, Sweden, Finland, Norway and Iceland are using more electricity per capita than in the United States. The rest of the EU-27 is well below the US
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Average annual percentage change in final electricity consumption, EU-27 1990-2008
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Most countries in the EU-27 experienced an overall increase in electricity consumption over the period from 1990 to 2008, except for Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and Bulgaria. During this period, the average annual growth rate of electricity consumption varied greatly by country, ranging from less than 1 % per year in Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Hungary, Slovakia and Estonia to over 4 % in Malta, Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Iceland, Cyprus and Turkey. The decrease or low growth in electricity consumption in the new Member States was a combined result of economic restructuring in the 1990s and a decrease or low growth of the total population in those countries
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Average annual growth rate in electricity consumption by sector, 1990-2008 and 2007-2008, EU-27
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Since 1990, in the EU-27 the electricity consumption increased in the service sector (including agriculture) at an annual growth rate of 2.6 %. In total, the electricity consumption increased by 59.2 % between 1990 and 2008. The main reasons for increased electricity consumption in the service sector were the sustained growth of this sector throughout the EU, the increased use of electrical appliances (such as air conditioning, lighting or IT equipment) and the penetration of new electrical devices
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Final electricity consumption by sector, EU-27
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Final electricity consumption by sector, EU-27. Influenced by the liberalisation of the power market, electricity prices decreased during the 1990s but they have started to rise again in the last few years
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Living in an interconnected world
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'…the sheer weight of the combined aspirations and lifestyles of 500 million Europeans is just too great. Never mind the legitimate desires of many other billions on our planet to share those lifestyles.... We will need to change the behaviour of European consumers. To work on people's awareness and to influence their habits.' Janez Potočnik, European Union Commissioner for Environment (March 2010).
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Signals — every breath we take
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Signals 2011
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Consuming unsustainably
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Key message: A major reason why consumption negatively affects the environment and causes over-use of resources is because the costs to society of environmental and resource degradation are not fully reflected in the prices of goods and services. Many goods are cheap even though they harm the environment, ecosystems or human health. (SOER 2010)
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Signals 2011
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% change in services final energy consumption per person, 1990-2008
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Based on the ratio : energy consumption / population (%/year calculated on the period 1990-2008)
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