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EC, Energy efficiency measures: Reducing energy consumption and eliminating energy wastage are among the main goals of the European Union (EU). EU support for improving energy efficiency will prove decisive for competitiveness, security of supply and for meeting the commitments on climate change made under the Kyoto Protocol.
Located in Environmental policy document catalogue
Energy intensity in the service sector (ENER 024) - Assessment published Apr 2012: Over the period 2000-2009, the energy intensity (energy consumption at normal climate [1] per unit of value added) in the service sector decreased in the EU-27 by 1 %/year on average, showing a relative decoupling between energy consumption and activity (value added). Over the period 2005-2009 this intensity decreased by 1.8%/year, with a reverse trend in 2009 (+0.3%). In the same time energy consumption decreased by 0.3%/year (-1.9% in 2009) reaching 143 Mtoe in 2009 (117 Mtoe in 1990, 145 Mtoe in 2005). Electricity consumption per employee in EU-27 increased by 12%, at an annual growth rate of 1.3%, due to increased use of air conditioning in southern countries and of IT and other electrical equipment. This led to an increase in the electricity intensity of the service sector in EU-27 (electricity consumption per unit of value added) of 8% over the period 2000-2009 at an annual growth rate of 0.8% (same annual changes from 2005-2009). From 2005 to 2009 the electricity consumption per employee increased quite more rapidly (+1.1%/year and +3.2% in 2009). The electricity consumption per employee reached 4850 kWh/employee in 2009 (4645 kWh/employee in 2005, 4328 kWh/employee in 1990). [1] Energy intensity at normal climate (i.e. corrected for climatic variations)
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Energy intensity in the service sector
Final energy consumption intensity (ENER 021) - Assessment published Jan 2013: Over the period 1990-2010, the EU-27 final energy intensity has decreased by 25% at an annual average rate of 1.4%/year. Since 2005, the reduction was slightly higher (1.5%/year), with a stronger decoupling in the agriculture and industrial sectors where the energy intensity has decreased by 2.6%/year and 2.1%/year respectively. In the service and transport sectors the final energy consumption intensities have decreased by 1.3%/year and 0.9%/year since 2005. In the household sector, the final energy consumption per capita was in 2010 almost at the same level as in 2005, as result of counterbalancing effects: larger and more numerous dwellings, greater ownership of electrical appliances on the one hand and energy efficiency improvements on the other hand. Over the period 1990-2010, the final energy intensity in non-EU EEA countries has decreased by 8.5% at an annual average growth rate of 0.4%/year.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Final energy consumption intensity
Total energy intensity, relative energy intensity (as PPS) and per capita consumption: Total energy intensity (index 1995=100), relative energy intensity (as PPS) and per capita consumption
Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Total primary energy intensity: Total energy intensity is the ratio between the gross inland consumption of energy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) calculated for a calendar year. The gross inland consumption of energy is calculated as the sum of the gross inland consumption of the five sources of energy: solid fuels, oil, gas, nuclear and renewable sources. To monitor trends, GDP is in constant prices to avoid the impact of inflation, base year 2000.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators
Energy intensity in the service sector (ENER 024) - Assessment published Sep 2011: Over the period 1997-2008, the energy intensity (energy consumption per unit of value added) in the service sector decreased in the EU-27 by 1.2 %/year on average, showing a relative decoupling between energy consumption and activity (value added). Over the period 1990-2008, per capita energy consumption in the service sector increased by 16% in the EU-27 and 19% in EEA countries, at annual growth rates of 0.8 and 1% respectively, with very different trends across member states. Over the period 1997-2008, the electricity consumption per employee in EU-27 increased by 12%, at an annual growth rate of 1%, due to increased use of air conditioning in southern countries and of IT and other electrical equipment. This led to an increase in the electricity intensity of the service sector in EU-27 (electricity consumption per unit of value added) of 3% over the same period of time, at an annual growth rate of 0.3%. Rationale The energy consumption in the service sector consists mainly of energy consumption in buildings. The indicator tracks progress made in reducing the energy consumption per unit of activity (measured in terms of value added or number of employees) in the service sector in EU-27. Reducing the energy intensity of the service sector (as defined above), will have a positive impact on the environment due to reduced environmental pressures associated with the production of the energy input. The indicator is complementary to ENER 21.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Energy intensity in the service sector
Final energy consumption intensity (ENER 021) - Assessment published Sep 2010: Economic growth continues to entail less final energy consumption within the EU-27 economy. The final energy consumption intensity decreased by 25.1 % compared to 1990. However, this improvement has not been sufficient to prevent total final energy consumption from rising. Decoupling of growth from final energy consumption was most successful in the services and agriculture sector (-29.5 %) and in the industry (-29.4 %). In the transport sector the final energy consumption intensity decreased by 7.1 % compared to 1990. In the households sector, the final energy consumption per capita increased by 2.6 % since 1990 due to larger and more numerous dwellings, and greater ownership of electrical appliances.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Final energy consumption intensity
Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published Sep 2010: Between 1990 and 2007, economic growth in Europe required increasing but less and less energy inputs. Total energy consumption increased until 2004 and stabilized all the way through 2006. In 2007 there was an absolute decoupling of economic growth and energy consumption, with the latter decreasing by 1.1% compared to 2006 while GDP continued to grow. Over the period 1990-2007, GDP grew at an annual average rate of 2.2% and total energy consumption at an annual average rate of 0.5%. As a result, total energy intensity in the EU fell at an annual average rate of 1.7%.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Total primary energy intensity
Energy intensity in the service sector (ENER 024) - Assessment published Sep 2010: Over the period 1997-2008, the energy intensity (energy consumption per unit of value added) in the service sector decreased in the EU-27 by 1.2 %/year on average, showing a relative decoupling between energy consumption and activity (value added). Over the period 1990-2008, per capita energy consumption in the service sector increased by 16% in the EU-27 and 19% in EEA countries, at annual growth rates of 0.8 and 1% respectively, with very different trends across member states. Over the period 1997-2008, the electricity consumption per employee in EU-27 increased by 12%, at an annual growth rate of 1%, due to increased use of air conditioning in southern countries and of IT and other electrical equipment. This led to an increase in the electricity intensity of the service sector in EU-27 (electricity consumption per unit of value added) of 3% over the same period of time, at an annual growth rate of 0.3%.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Energy intensity in the service sector
Energy consumption per employee and energy intensity in services: Unit consumption per employee is the ratio between the energy consumption (total or electricity) and the number of employees (salaries employed in full time). The energy (or electricity) intensity is the ratio between the energy (electricity) consumption and the value added expressed in constant Euros (M€2000)
Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs