Europe's Environment: The Second Assessment

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State of the environment report No 2

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• Published: Jun 22, 1998

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• Table of contents

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ISBN: 92-828-3351-8

ORDER ID (Catalogue Number): GH-78-98-001-EN-C

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Figures used

Large tanker spills, 1970-96

Air emissions of mercury, 1990

Mapping Europes forests: broad EEA Land cover, forest and wooded land classes

Water erosion in Europe, 1993

Air emissions of PCB, 1990

Salinisation in Europe, 1993

Phosphorus concentration in European lakes and reservoirs Note: Number of lakes per country: AT(26), BG(4), CH(22), DE(300), DK(28), EE(156), ES(96), FI(70), FR(27), HU(4), IE(18), IT(7), IV(10), MK(3), NL(112), NO(401), PL(290), PT(18), RO(33), SE(2992), SL(4), UK(66).

Nitrate concentration in groundwater

Physical degradation in Europe, 1993

Measured accumulated exposure to ozone (AOT40) Note: daylight hours in May, June and July 1995.

Urban demand as a proportion of average annual runoff Note: Map based on long-term average annual run-off data (see map id=107, Annual average run-off in Europe) in conjunction with Eurostat GISCO Degree of Urbanisation data.

Distribution of major habitats

Mapping Europes forests: strict EEA Land cover forest classes

Cadmium in mosses, early 1990s

Exceedance of the 5 percentile conditional critical loads for acidifying nitrogen, 1995

Nitrate in European rivers, 1994-96

Exceedances of the ozone concentration threshold value for vegetation, 1995 Note: number of days the 65 μg/m3, 24 hour threshold value was exceeded, observed at background stations in whole year 1995.

Organic matter in European rivers 1994-96

Calculated increase in effective UV (%) in Europe in 1991 relative to 1980 Note: Calculated on the basis of measured total ozone, ignoring cloud effects

Wind erosion in Europe, 1993

Expected threat of tourism and recreation sector on coastal landscape types

Average annual runoff in Europe Notes: Map prepared at a 10 km x 10 km grid resolution, showing average run-off with some smoothing of local detail

Phosphorus in European rivers, 1994-96

Map of European Biogeographic Regions - Adopted in 1997

Emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia in 1995 at 50km resolution (tonnes of N per year) Notes: Includes emissions from shipping in the North Sea and the north-east Altantic (Lloyd's Register of Shipping [1995]: Marine Exhaust Emission Research Programme

Species richness of breeding birds in Europe

Species richness of reptiles in Europe Note: The following countries are partially covered: Greece (islands along the Turkish coast), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia

Distribution of Q90 Note: Map prepared at a 10 km x 10 km grid resolution

Species richness of amphibians in Europe Note: The following countries are partially covered: Greece (islands along the Turkish coast), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia

Areas with relatively little influence from urbanisation, transport or intensive agriculture Note: Based on EEA Land cover data per November 1997

Emissions of Sulphur in 1995 at 50km resolution (tonnes of S per year) Notes: Includes emissions from shipping in the North Sea and the north-east Altantic (Lloyd's Register of Shipping [1995]: Marine Exhaust Emission Research Programme

Exceedances of the ozone concentration threshold value for protection of human health, 1995 Note: number of days the 110 μg/m3 (12.00-20.00 hrs) threshold value was exceeded, observed at urban/street or other/unspecified stations during the whole year 1995.

Regions affected by high nitrate concentration in the groundwater Note: Map based on maps provided by National Focal Points.

Species richness of mammals in Europe

The daily summer maximum concentration of ozone, modelled mean over 5 years Note: the calculation used constant emissions at the 1990 level and meteorological data from the five summers 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993 and 1994

European Centres of Endemic Plants

Exceedance of the 5 percentile conditional critical loads for sulphur, 1995

Exceedance of the 5 percentile critical loads for eutrophying nitrogen, 1995

Unleaded petrol use in Europe 1996

Population density, 1992

Goods transport by road, relative to total by road, rail, inland waterways and pipelines, 1995

GDP per km2, 1996

Bird status in Europe

Expected threat of urban sector on coastal landscape types

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Europe's Environment - The Second Assessment - an overview

Latest addition

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The European environment - State and outlook 2005

Distribution and targeting of the CAP budget from a biodiversity perspective

10 messages for 2010 - Agricultural ecosystems

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Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990-…2011 and inventory report 2013

Air Implementation Pilot - Lessons learnt from the implementation of air quality legislation at urban level

Reducing air pollution from electricity-generating large combustion plants in the European Union

Biodiversity

Coming home to roost!

Circles of discovery

Web of knowledge, web of life, web of wonder

Chemicals

Hazardous substances in Europe's fresh and marine waters — An overview

Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation

Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation (flyer)

Climate change

End-user GHG emissions from energy

Using scenarios to improve understanding of environment and security issues

Adaptation in Europe - Addressing risks and opportunities from climate change in the context of socio-economic developments

Coasts and seas

Priority issues in the Mediterranean environment - Final draft

Marine and coastal environment — SOER 2010 thematic assessment

Marine and coastal environment — SOER 2010 thematic assessment

Energy

Reducing air pollution from electricity-generating large combustion plants in the European Union

Achieving energy efficiency through behaviour change: what does it take?

Achieving energy efficiency through behaviour change: what does it take?

Household consumption

Sustainable consumption and production in South East Europe and Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia - Joint UNEP-EEA report on the opportunities and lessons learned

Consumption and the environment — 2012 update

Environmental pressures from European consumption and production

Environment and health

Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation (flyer)

Environment and human health

The impacts of endocrine disrupters on wildlife, people and their environments – The Weybridge+15 (1996–2011) report

Industry

The European environment - State and outlook 2005

Ozone-depleting substances 2011 - Summary

Effectiveness of environmental taxes and charges for managing sand, gravel and rock extraction in selected EU countries

Noise

The European environment - State and outlook 2005

Good practice guide on noise exposure and potential health effects

Electronic Noise Data Reporting Mechanism

Specific regions

The European environment - State and outlook 2005

Europe's ecological backbone: recognising the true value of our mountains

Towards a Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) in the European neighbourhood - the ENPI-SEIS project

Environmental scenarios

BLOSSOM — Bridging long-term scenario and strategy analysis: organisation and methods

Knowledge base for Forward-Looking Information and Services (FLIS)

Catalogue of scenario studies — Knowledge base for Forward-Looking Information and Services

Soil

CLC2006 technical guidelines

Soil — SOER 2010 thematic assessment

CLC2006 technical guidelines

Transport

The impact of international shipping on European air quality and climate forcing

Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU: summary of data for 2012

The impact of international shipping on European air quality and climate forcing

Urban environment

Air Implementation Pilot - Lessons learnt from the implementation of air quality legislation at urban level

Urban adaptation to climate change in Europe

Urban adaptation to climate change in Europe

Waste and material resources

Material resources and waste — 2012 update

Movements of waste across the EU's internal and external borders

Managing municipal solid waste - a review of achievements in 32 European countries

Water

European bathing water quality in 2012

Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments

Results and lessons from implementing the Water Assets Accounts in the EEA area

Green economy

EEA Signals 2012 – Building the future we want

EEA Signals 2012 – Building the future we want

Earnings, jobs and innovation: the role of recycling in a green economy