Chapter 4 - Air
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- 4.2.1 - Air quality in large European cities
- 4.2.1.1 - Winter smog
- 4.2.1.2 - Summer smog
- 4.2.1.3 - Long-term exposure
- 4.2.1.4 - Countermeasures
- 4.2.2 - 'Hot spot' air pollution
- 4.2.2.1 - Air pollution from road transport
- 4.2.2.2 - Urban pollution from industry
- 4.2.3 - Population exposure to air pollution
- 4.2.4 - Exposure of materials, buildings and culture heritage to air pollution
- 4.2.5 - Exposure to toxic air pollution from industry
- 4.2.6 - Conclusions
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- 4.3.1 - Acid deposition
- 4.3.2 - Photo-oxidants and photochemical smog episodes
- 4.3.3 - Winter smog episodes
- 4.3.4 - Aerosol particles
- 4.3.5 - Metals and persistent organic pollutants
- 4.3.6 - Visibility degradation by air pollution
- 4.3.7 - Radioactivity
- 4.3.8 - Atmospheric inputs to other media
- 4.3.8.1 - Input to coastal seas
- 4.3.8.2 - Inputs to forest soils, surface waters and ecosystems
- 4.3.9 - Conclusions
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- 4.4.1 - Long-lived air pollutants
- 4.4.2 - The changing troposphere
- 4.4.3 - Depletion of stratospheric ozone
- 4.4.4 - Global climate change
- 4.4.5 - Conclusions
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- 4.5.1 - Urban air pollution
- 4.5.2 - Regional air pollution
- 4.5.3 - Global air pollution
- 4.5.4 - Overall