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Sources of selected air pollutants in 2008 for EEA-32 and Western Balkan countries
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Sources of selected air pollutants in EEA-32 and West Balkan countries, 2008.
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The modelled effects of introducing road vehicle emissions standards and the LCP/IPPC Directives for large combustion plants on PM2.5 concentrations in Europe in 2005
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The modelled effects of introducing road vehicle emissions standards (left) and the LCP/IPPC directives for large combustion plants (right) on PM2.5 concentrations in Europe in 2005
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Difference in O3 impact indicators of human health (SOMO35), and ecosystems (AOT40), in 2005 as a result of the introduction of Euro vehicle emission standards in road transport
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Difference in O3 impact indicators of human health (SOMO35) (left), and ecosystems (AOT40) (right map), in 2005 as a result of the introduction of Euro vehicle emission standards in road transport
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Distance-to-target for the environmental objectives set for the protection of human health, 2008
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Frequency distribution of the ozone 26th highest maximum daily running 8-hour mean; the target value set in the AQ Directive is 120 ug/m3 (reference period 2008; based on all available operational ozone stations reported to AirBase)
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Benzo(a)pyrene 2009. Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the directive 2004/107/EC (Fourth Daughter Directive), the EU has set a target value for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for the protection of human health; the target is defined in terms of concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) which is used as a marker substance for PAHs generally: the BaP annual mean value may not exceed 1 nanogram per cubic metre (ng/m3). The target value enters into force 31.12.2012.
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PM2.5 2010 - Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set a target value for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for the protection of human health: the PM2.5 annual mean value may not exceed 25 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3).
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Nickel 2010 - Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the directive 2004/107/EC (Fourth Daughter Directive), the EU has set a target value for nickel (Ni) for the protection of human health: the Ni annual mean value may not exceed 20 nanograms per cubic metre (ng/m3). The target value enters into force 31.12.2012.
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Particulate matter (PM10), 2010 - Daily limit value for the protection of human health
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In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set two limit values for particulate matter (PM10) for the protection of human health: the PM10 daily mean value may not exceed 50 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) more than 35 times in a year and the PM10 annual mean value may not exceed 40 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3). In some areas time extensions have been granted by DG Environment for meeting these limit values. Information about time extensions is provided by DG Environment at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/time_extensions.htm
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Contributions to EU emissions from main source sectors (Gg/year = 1 000 tonnes/year) of primary PM, NOX, SOX, NMVOC and NH3, 2001–2010
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Urban PM2.5 concentrations presented as multi-annual average in the EU, 2008–2010
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The three-year running mean of PM2.5 concentrations (2008–2010) is similar to the method used to calculate the average exposure indicator. Compiled data reflects background (non-traffic and non-industrial) urban and suburban stations.
Results for countries marked with an asterisk are based on less than three years of data.
The orange dots correspond to figures provided by the EU Member States in the air quality questionnaire.
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