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Contribution of different sectors (energy and non-energy) to total emissions of PM10 and PM2.5, 2009, EEA-32: The graph includes the combined emissions of primary PM10 particles (particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less, emitted directly into the atmosphere).
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Overall change in energy-related (i.e. combustion) emissions of PM10 and PM2.5, 2005-2009: The graph shows the change in emissions of primary PM10 data, and emissions of PM2.5.
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Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (CSI 004) - Assessment published May 2012: Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) In the period 1997-2009, 18-49 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (50 microgram/m 3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than 35 days a calendar year and to be met by 2005). There was no discernible trend over the period (Figure 1). Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) In the period 1997-2009, 6-41 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient air nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations above the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (40 microgram NO 2 /m 3 annual mean and to be met by 2010). There was a slight downwards trend over the period (Figure 1). Ozone (O 3 ) In the period 1997-2009, 13-61 % of the urban population in EU-27 was potentially exposed to ambient ozone concentrations exceeding the EU target value set for the protection of human health (120 microgram O 3 /m 3 daily maximum 8-hourly average, not to be exceeded more than 25 times a calendar year by 2010, averaged over three years and to be achieved where possible by 2010). The 61 % of the urban population exposed to ambient ozone concentrations over the EU target value was recorded in 2003. There was no discernible trend over the period (Figure 1). Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) In the period 1997-2009, the fraction of the urban population in EU-27 that is potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations of sulphur dioxide in excess of the EU limit value set for the protection of human health (125 microgram SO 2 /m 3 daily mean not to be exceeded more than three days a year and to be met by 2005), decreased to less than 1 %, and as such the EU limit value is close to being met everywhere in the urban background (Figure 1).
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Change in PM10 emissions for each sector and pollutant between 1990 and 2010 (EEA member countries): Percentage change in primary PM10 particulate matter emissions for each sector and pollutant between 1990 and 2010.
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36th highest 24-hour mean PM10 concentration observed at urban background stations, 2001-2010 (EU-27): Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Greece and Malta are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.
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National emissions reported to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention): Data on emissions of air pollutants submitted to the LRTAP Convention and copied to EEA and ETC/ACC
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Change in PM10 emissions for each sector and pollutant between 1990 and 2009 (EEA member countries): Percentage change in primary PM10 particulate matter emissions for each sector and pollutant between 1990 and 2009.
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36th highest 24-hour mean PM10 concentration observed at urban background stations, EEA member countries, 1997-2007: Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations.
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PM10 in cities, 2000: Hot-spot stations (traffic, industrial), 36th highest daily value
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PM10 annual average inter-annual variations, 1997-2004 at selected urban background stations: Only cities where measurements were available at two stations over the whole period 19972004 were selected (&amp;gt; 70 % data coverage annually).
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