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Contribution of renewable energy sources to primary energy consumption in the EU-27: Contribution of renewable energy sources to primary energy consumption in the EU-27
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Total primary energy consumption by energy source in 2010: The figure shows the total consumption of primary energy sources in 2010 for EU-27
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Sulphur dioxide SO2 emissions (APE 001) - Assessment published Dec 2012: EEA-32 emissions of sulphur oxides (SO X ) have decreased by 75% between 1990 and 2010. In 2010, the most significant sectoral source of SO X emissions was 'Energy production and distribution' (57% of total emissions), followed by emissions occurring from 'Energy use in industry' (21%) and in the 'Commercial, institutional and households' (14%) sector. The reduction in emissions since 1990 has been achieved as a result of a combination of measures, including fuel-switching in energy-related sectors away from high-sulphur solid and liquid fuels to low-sulphur fuels such as natural gas, the fitting of flue gas desulphurisation abatement technology in industrial facilities and the impact of European Union directives relating to the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels. All of the EU-27 Member States have reduced their national SO X emissions below the level of the 2010 emission ceilings set in the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) [1] . Emissions in 2010 for the three non-EU countries having emission ceilings set under the UNECE/CLRTAP Gothenburg protocol (Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) were also below the level of their respective 2010 ceilings. Environmental context: Sulphur dioxide is emitted when fuels containing sulphur are combusted. It is a pollutant which contributes to acid deposition which in turn can lead to changes occurring in soil and water quality. The subsequent impacts of acid deposition can be significant, including adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes and damage to forests, crops and other vegetation. SO 2 emissions also aggravate asthma conditions and can reduce lung function and inflame the respiratory tract, and contribute as a secondary particulate pollutant to formation of particulate matter in the atmosphere, an important air pollutant in terms of its adverse impact on human health. Further, the formation of sulphate particles in the atmosphere after its release results in reflection of solar radiation, which leads to net cooling of the atmosphere. [1] Emissions data reported by EU member states under NECD is used for comparison with NECD ceilings, and data reported under CLRTAP is used for all other calculations unless otherwise stated.
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Share of renewable energy to final energy consumption: Share of renewable energy to final energy consumption, 1990-2010
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Share of Renewable Energy to Final Energy Consumption with normalised hydro and wind in EEA countries: Share of Renewable Energy to Final Energy Consumption with normalised hydro and wind in EEA countries.
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Share of renewable energy to final energy consumption: The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption in the EU-27
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Share of total energy consumption by fuel in 2010: Share of total energy consumption by fuel in 2010
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Average annual growth rates for different fuels in the EU-27: Average annual growth rates for different fuels in the EU-27
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End-user GHG emissions from energy: Reallocation of emissions from energy industries to end users 2005-2010: The objective of this report is to help improve the understanding of past GHG emission trends in the energy sector from the demand or end-user side. To do this, the report develops a methodology to redistributes emissions from energy industries to the final users (by sector) of that energy. This reallocation is done on the basis of Eurostats energy balances and GHG inventories for the energy sector as reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), for the period 2005-2010.
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Trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption, EU-27: The figure shows the trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption.
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