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Generation and recycling of packaging waste (CSI 017/waste 002) - Assessment published Nov 2005
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There is a general increase in per capita quantities of packaging being put on the market. This is not in line with the primary objective of the Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste, which aims at preventing the production of packaging waste. However, the EU target to recycle 25% of packaging waste in 2001 has been significantly exceeded. In 2002 the recycling rate in EU15 was 54 percent.
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Generation and recycling of packaging waste
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Generation and recycling of packaging waste (CSI 017/waste 002) - Assessment published Jan 2008
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There is a general increase in per capita quantities of packaging being put on the market. This development is seen both in the old and in the new EU Member States. This is not in line with the objective of the Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste, which aims at reducing the production of packaging waste. However, the EU target to recycle 25% of packaging waste in 2001 has been met and significantly exceeded. In 2006 the average recycling rate over the EU-27 reached 57 %, already exceeding the 2008 target of 55%. Differences in performance of individual countries suggest further potential for improvement, however.
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Generation and recycling of packaging waste
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Generation and recycling of packaging waste (CSI 017/waste 002) - Assessment published Mar 2010
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The generation of packaging waste per capita in EU is growing, although there are signs of this increase slowing down. This slowing down rate could be attributed to the change of packaging materials, as the largest increase occurs for paper and plastics. The EU policy objective ( Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste) for packaging waste prevention does not seem to be applied yet. In 2008 packaging waste was reduced but it is difficult to attribute this change either to effective waste prevention (decoupling of waste from GDP) or to the reduction of GDP (no decoupling).
The recycling schemes appear to be quite effective for this waste stream. After 2000, recycling covers more than 50% of the treatment, a lot higher than the 25% target for 2001. In 2008, recycling covered 61%, already exceeding the 55% for 2008. Figure 5 shows, however, that in many countries there is still room for improvement.
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Generation and recycling of packaging waste
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Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets (CSI 011) - Assessment published Feb 2007
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EU-25 With existing policies and measures, EU-25 greenhouse gas emissions are projected to be approximately 2 % below 1990 level by 2010. With additional policies and measures greenhouse gas emissions are projected to be approximately 5 % below 1990 level (and slightly below 2004 level). EU-15 Latest projections for 2010 show that the combined effect of existing and additional domestic policies and measures, Kyoto mechanisms [1] and 'carbon sinks' [2] would bring emissions down to 8.0 % below the EU-15 base year level. This corresponds exactly to the reduction required under the Kyoto Protocol. With existing domestic [3] policies and measures, total EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions will only be 0.6 % below base-year levels in 2010 [4] . Taking into account additional domestic policies and measures being planned by Member States, a total EU-15 emissions reduction of 4.6 % is projected. This relies on the assumption that several Member States will cut emissions by more than is required to meet their national targets. The projected use of Kyoto mechanisms by ten Member States [5] will reduce emissions by 2010 by a further 2.6 %. Finally, the use of carbon sinks according to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol would contribute an additional 0.8 % (Figures 1 and 2). New Member States Seven new Member States project that they will meet or even over-achieve their Kyoto targets by 2010 with existing domestic policies and measures. However, in most countries emissions will increase between 2004 and 2010. Slovenia projects that it will meet its Kyoto target with additional policies and measures, and CO 2 removals from land-use change and forestry (Figure 3). Cyprus and Malta do not have a target under the Kyoto Protocol. Other EEA member countries EU acceding countries and Iceland were on track to meet or even over-achieve their Kyoto targets. In 2004, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein will with existing measures fall short of their target. Turkey and Croatia have ratified the United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC), but not the Kyoto Protocol. [1] Joint implementation, clean development mechanism and emissions trading according to the Kyoto Protocol, Art. 6, Art. 12, and Art. 17. These mechanisms allow industrialised countries with emissions limitation and reduction commitments to invest in emissions-savings projects in other countries and use the resulting emission credits to help meet their Kyoto targets. [2] According to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, Parties can make use of CO 2 removals by land use change and forestry activities, i.e. carbon sinks, to achieve their targets. [3] Domestic policies and measures are those taking place within the national boundaries. Existing policies and measures are those for which one or more of the following applies: (a) national legislation is in force; (b) one or more voluntary agreements have been established; (c) financial resources have been allocated; (d) human resources have been mobilised; (e) an official government decision has been made and there is a clear commitment to proceed with implementation. Additional (planned) policies and measures are options under discussion with a realistic chance of being adopted and implemented in time to influence the emissions during the commitment period. [4] Without existing policies and measures, total EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions would have been higher than the base-year level. The total effect of the existing policies and measures compared to a theoretical reference scenario without any measures since 1990 would be greater than the 0.6 % reduction referred to here. [5] Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
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Municipal waste generation (CSI 016/waste 001) - Assessment published Nov 2005
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The generation of municipal waste per capita in western European countries continues to grow while remaining stable in central and eastern European countries. The EU target to reduce municipal waste generation to 300 kg/capita by the year 2000 was not achieved. No new targets have been set.
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Municipal waste generation
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Municipal waste generation (CSI 016/waste 001) - Assessment published Jan 2008
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The generation of municipal waste per capita in western European countries has stabilised since 2000, albeit at a high level. Meanwhile the EU-12 has seen a steady decrease in per capita generation over the same period albeit with a slight increase between 2005 and 2006.
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Municipal waste generation
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Municipal waste generation (CSI 016/waste 001) - Assessment published Nov 2009
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The generation of municipal waste per capita in western European countries has stabilised since 2000, albeit at a high level. Meanwhile the EU-12 has seen a steady decrease in per capita generation over the same period albeit with a slight increase between 2005 and 2006.
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Municipal waste generation
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Municipal waste generation - outlook EEA (Outlook 005) - Assessment published Jun 2007
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In the EU-15, most municipal waste streams are not expected to decouple significantly from GDP and none are expected to decouple absolutely. In the New-10, relative decoupling of waste from GDP is expected for municipal wastes. AS municipal waste generation is expected to continue to grow across Europe, the policy target of absolute decoupling is not met. This might lead to an increase in environmental pressures and stretch the waste management capabilities of countries with less developed infrastructure. The economic situation in Europe has a significant impact on municipal waste streams.
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Municipal waste generation - outlook EEA
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Municipal waste generation - outlook from OECD (Outlook 013) - Assessment published Jun 2007
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Municipal waste generation is still increasing in OECD countries, but at a slower pace since 2000. There has been a relative decoupling of municipal waste generation in OECD countries from economic growth, but waste generation is continuing to increase.
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Municipal waste generation - outlook from OECD
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Urban waste water treatment (CSI 024) - Assessment published Jan 2009
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Wastewater treatment in all parts of Europe has improved during the last 15-20 years. The percentage of the population connected to wastewater treatment in the southern, south-eastern and eastern Europe has increased during last ten years, but is still relative low compared to the central and northern Europe.
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Urban waste water treatment
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