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Agricultural area (in 1 000 km²) in EEA member countries for each exposure class
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Due to lack of detailed land cover data and/or rural ozone data Iceland and Norway are not included until 2006 and onwards. Switzerland and Turkey have not been included in the analysis for the entire period 1996-2007 due to the same reasons.
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Annual mean ozone concentrations by station type
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Annual mean ozone concentrations by station type
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Air pollution also comes from natural sources
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Human activities are the main cause of poor air quality, but natural sources of air pollution also play a role. The most common natural sources of particulate matter in Europe are desert dust, volcanoes, forest and grassland fires, and salt from sea spray
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Sahara dust, sea spray and fires contribute to bad air quality
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Key facts
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Attainment situation for PM2.5, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001
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The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line).
The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Attainment situation for O3, reference years 2010, 2005 and 2001
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The graphs are based on the 93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8 hours mean concentration values corresponding to the 26th highest daily maximum of the running 8h-mean; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line).
The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Maps and graphs
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Trend in annual mean of daily max 8 h-mean O3 concentrations (left) and trend in 93.2 percentile of daily 8 max h-mean O3 concentrations (right) (in μg/m3) for 2001–2010 per station type
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All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations.
The 93.2 percentile of daily max 8-h mean values is directly related to the target value for O3, as 25 days per year are allowed to have exceedances of the target value threshold of 120 μg/m3.
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Maps and graphs
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Attainment situation for NO2, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001
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The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line).
The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Data and maps
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Maps and graphs
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Trend in average annual SO2 concentrations (2001–2010) per station type
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All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagram a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations.
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Cadmium 2010 - Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the directive 2004/107/EC (Fourth Daughter Directive), the EU has set a target value for cadmium (Cd) for the protection of human health: the Cd annual mean value may not exceed 5 nanograms per cubic metre (ng/m3). The target value enters into force 31.12.2012.
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Nitrogen dioxide 2010 - Hourly limit value for the protection of human health
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In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set two limit values for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for the protection of human health: the NO2 hourly mean value may not exceed 200 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) more than 18 times in a year and the NO2 annual mean value may not exceed 40 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3). These limit values come into force for concentrations measured from 1.1.2010 so during 2009 a margin of tolerance equal to an annual mean value of 42 micrograms per cubic metre (μg/m3) is still in place
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