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Storms and storm surges in Europe (CLIM 005) - Assessment published Sep 2008: There has been considerable variation, but no clear long term trend in storminess in Europe. Storm frequency was relatively high during the late 19th and early 20th century; then decreased in central and northern Europe. The recent high level is similar to the late 19th century level of storminess. Despite the variation in storminess, water levels along most vulnerable European coastlines of the North Sea and Mediterranean Sea have shown no significant storm-related variation. Extra-tropical storm tracks are projected to move pole-wards, with consequent changes in wind, precipitation, and temperature patterns, continuing the broad pattern of observed trends over the past half-century. Climate models indicate a slight decrease in the number of storms and an increase of the strength of the heaviest storms. Projections to the end of the 21st century show a significant increase in storm surge elevation for the continental North Sea and south-east England.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Storms and storm surges in Europe
Summer 2003 (June-August) daily maximum temperature anomaly: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Sustainable cooling helps fight global warming: In Europe, summer heat waves are becoming harder to bear. The demand for air conditioning is on the rise, especially in office buildings. Yet buildings alone represent 40% of the EU's energy consumption, and air conditioning accounts for a significant part of it. In addition, air conditioning produces greenhouse gas emissions, aggravating global warming and putting at risk European climate protection commitments. The solution: reduce the energy requirements of existing air conditioning systems and change the way buildings are designed and used to achieve sustainable summer comfort without active cooling.
Located in Environmental topics › Energy › Multimedia
Table of contents and general guidance chapters: Located in Publications › EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2007
Temperature extremes in Europe (CLIM 003) - Assessment DRAFT created Sep 2008: Extremes of cold have become less frequent in Europe while warm extremes have become more frequent. The frequency of hot days almost tripled between 1880 and 2005. For Europe as a whole heat waves are projected to increase in frequency, intensity and duration, whereas winter temperature variability and the number of cold and frost extremes are projected to decrease further. The European regions projected to be most affected are the Iberian Peninsula, central Europe including the Alps, the eastern Adriatic seaboard, and southern Greece.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Temperature extremes in Europe
Temperature-mortality relationship in 15 European cities: Figure shows relationship between daily maximum apparent temperature (Barcelona: mean apparent temperature) and natural mortality (blue) and 95% confidence interval (grey).
Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
The Arctic: Located in Signals — every breath we take › Signals 2011 › Eyewitness stories
The European Community's initial report under the Kyoto Protocol: Located in Publications
The European environment – state and outlook 2010: Synthesis: The SOER 2010 Synthesis provides an overview of the European environment's state, trends and prospects, integrating the main findings of SOER 2010.
Located in The European environment – state and outlook 2010 › Synthesis
The linear trend in surface temperature over Europe 1958 - 2001: Linear trend (oC/50 years) calculated from ERA40 data for the period 1958 to 2001
Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs