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Potential reduction in total annual premature deaths (central estimate and 95 % confidence interval (CI)) among people 30 years and over in 26 APHEIS cities
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Abstract: The potential health benefits of reducing annual mean PM2.5 levels from the current observed values to 25, 20, 15 and 10 µg/m3 were estimated for the 26 European cities of the APHEIS network in 15 European countries, using well-established methods and published results of research on the effects of current air pollution on public health
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Percentage of population exposed to NO2 annual concentrations in urban areas, 1997-2009 (EU-27)
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The annual mean limit value is 40 µg NO2/m3 and to be met by 2010. Over the years 1997-2009 the total population, for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 54 to 118 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting air quality data under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit.
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4th highest 24-hour mean SO2 concentration observed at urban stations, 1997-2009 (EU-27)
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Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit.
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Sector share of non-methane volatile organic compounds emissions - 2010 (EEA member countries)
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The contribution made by different sectors to emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in 2010.
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36th highest 24-hour mean PM10 concentration observed at urban background stations, 2001-2010 (EU-27)
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Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Greece and Malta are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.
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Annual mean NO2 concentration observed at urban background stations, 2001-2010 (EU-27)
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Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus and Malta are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.
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Percentage of urban population resident in areas for days per year with ozone concentrations over the long-term objective for protection of human health, 2001-2010 (EU-27)
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The target value is 120 µg O3/m3 as daily maximum of 8 hour mean, not to be exceeded more than 25 days per calendar year, averaged over three years and to be achieved where possible by 2010. Over the years 2001-2010 the total population for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 87 to 115 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus is not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.
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EU emissions of As, Cd, Hg, Ni and Pb, 2001–2010, as a percentage of 2001 emissions
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Poland did not report emissions of As nor Ni in 2004 which explains the decrease in reported emissions in 2004. Poland was responsible for 15–20 % of EU emissions of As and 13–18 % of EU emissions of Ni in 2001–2010.
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Sulphur dioxide 2009. Hourly limit value for the protection of human health
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In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50) the EU has set two limit values for sulphur dioxide (SO2) for the protection of human health: the SO2 hourly mean value may not exceed 350 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) more than 24 times in a year and the SO2 daily mean value may not exceed 125 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) more than 3 times in a year.
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Emissions by sector of ammonia - 2008 (EEA member countries)
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The contribution made by different sectors to emissions of ammonia.
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