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Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction in emissions of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) from public electricity and heat production between 1990 and 2007, EEA-32
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The chart shows the estimated contributions of the various factors that have affected emissions from public electricity and heat production (including public thermal power stations, nuclear power stations, hydro power plants and wind plants).
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Gross electricity production by fuel, EU-27
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Data shown are for gross electricity production and include electricity production from both public plants and auto-producers. Renewables include electricity produced from hydro (excluding pumping), biomass, municipal waste, geothermal, wind and solar PV. The share of renewables presented in the chart is that for production and hence does not correspond to the share, for consumption, as required by Directive 2001/77/EC. The difference between both shares is accounted for by the net balance between imports and exports of electricity. ‘Other fuels’ include electricity produced from power plants not accounted for elsewhere, such as those fuelled by certain types of industrial wastes. It also includes the electricity generated as a result of pumping in hydro-power stations
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Renewable electricity as a percentage of gross electicity consumption, 2009
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Renewable electricity as a percentage of gross electricity consumption, 2009.
The renewable electricity directive (2001/77/EC) defines renewable electricity as the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in total electricity consumption. The latter includes imports and exports of electricity. The electricity generated from pumping in hydropower plants is included in total electricity consumption but it is not included as a renewable source of energy.
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2009 and 2008-2009
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2009 and 2008-2009.
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Energy consumption by end use per dwelling, 2009
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Based on the ratio: energy consumption by end uses divided by the number of permanently occupied dwelling.
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Nuclear energy and waste production (ENER 013) - Assessment published Apr 2012
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The amount of high level nuclear waste from nuclear electricity production continues to accumulate. In 2009, 34,824 tonnes of heavy metals contained in high level nuclear waste was in storage, up 4.7% since 2008. The annual quantity of spent fuel was approximately 1,828 tonnes of heavy metals in 2009. However, there is a decreasing trend in the annual quantity of spent fuel arisings since 1990. On the other hand, the amount of electricity produced from nuclear power has increased by 12.5% over the period 1990 to 2009 (see ENER27). This decoupling between electricity production and generation of radioactive waste can be explained by the fact that fuel rods are replaced gradually as well as by improvements in fuel burnup and plant efficiency [1] .
[1] Energy efficiency is calculated using an efficiney coefficient of 33% for all reactors (the efficiency of a particular reactor type – CANDU) since all reactors types are slightly different. However overtime there is a trend towards more efficient reactors in Europe, such as those with breeder reactors/fuel enrichment. However, once a reactor is built, the efficiency assumed is fixed at 33%.
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Nuclear energy and waste production
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Average annual change in final energy and electricity consumption in EU-27, 2005
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Final energy and electricity consumption per capita in EU Member States, 2003
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Final electricity consumption by sector, EU-27
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Household electricity and gas prices in 2007 — adjusted to purchasing power
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PPS = Purchasing Power Standards
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