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Figure

Overall changes in energy-related emissions by main group of air pollutants in the EU-27, 1990-2005

Figure Created 12 Nov 2009 Published 12 Nov 2009 Last modified 29 Nov 2012
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The change in particulate matter includes emissions of both primary and secondary particulate-forming pollutants (the fraction of sulphur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOX and ammonia NH3 which, as a result of photo-chemical reactions in the atmosphere, transform into particulate matter with a diameter of 10 ¼m or less)

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Emissions of the secondary particulate precursor species are weighted by a particle formation factor prior to aggregation: primary PM10 = 1, SO2 = 0.54, NOX = 0.88, and (NH3) = 0.64 (de Leeuw, 2002).

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