http://www.eea.europa.eu These are the search results for the query, showing results 1 to 15. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/ocean-acidification/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Surface-ocean pH has declined from 8.2 to 8.1 over the industrial era due to the growth of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This decline corresponds to a 30 % change in oceanic acidity. Observed reductions in surface-water pH are nearly identical across the global ocean and throughout Europe’s seas. Ocean acidification in recent decades is occurring a hundred times faster than during past natural events over the last 55 million years. Ocean acidification already reaches into the deep ocean, particularly in the high latitudes. Average surface-water pH is projected to decline further to 7.7 or 7.8 by the year 2100, depending on future CO 2 emissions. This decline represents a 100 to 150 % increase in acidity. Ocean acidification may affect many marine organisms within the next 20 years and could alter marine ecosystems and fisheries. No publisher marxxand carbon dioxide pH ocean acidification ocean 2012-11-20T16:32:15+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/water-temperature-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Water temperatures in major European rivers have increased by 1–3 °C over the last century. Several time series show increasing lake and river temperatures all over Europe over the last 60 to 90 years. Lake and river surface water temperatures are projected to increase with further projected increases in air temperature. Increased temperature can result in marked changes in species composition and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. No publisher marxxand Water water temperature rivers 2012-11-20T14:06:10+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/lake-and-river-ice-cover-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The existence of ice cover and the timing of ice break-up influence the vertical mixing of lakes and are therefore of critical ecological importance. The duration of ice cover on European lakes and rivers has shortened at a mean rate of 12 days per century over the last 150–200 years. A further decrease in the duration of lake ice cover is projected with projected climate change. No publisher marxxand climate change impacts Rivers and lake ice-cover rivers and lakes temperatures 2012-11-20T13:29:57+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/arctic-sea-ice-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The extent and volume of the Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly since global data became available in 1980, especially in summer. Record low sea ice cover in September 2007, 2011 and 2012 was roughly half the size of the normal minimum extent in the 1980s. In the period 1979-2011, the Arctic has lost on average 45 000 km 2 of sea ice per year in winter and 91 000 km 2 per year at the end of summer. The decline in summer sea ice appears to have accelerated since 1999. Arctic Sea ice is projected to continue to shrink in extent and thickness and may even disappear at the end of the summer melt season in the coming decades. There will still be substantial ice in winter. Baltic Sea ice, in particular the extent of the maximal cover, is projected to shrink. No publisher jaeckgre cryosphere climate change baltic sea ice sea ice extent Climate Change northern hemisphere 2012-11-19T17:03:47+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/mountain-permafrost-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic In the past 10–20 years European permafrost has shown a general warming trend, with greatest warming in Svalbard and Scandinavia. The active layer thickness has increased at some European permafrost sites. Several sites show great interannual variability which reflects the complex interaction between the atmospheric conditions and local snow and ground characteristics. Present and projected atmospheric warming is projected to lead to widespread warming and thawing of permafrost. Warming and thawing of permafrost is expected to increase the risk of landslides, ground subsidence and flash floods from bursting glacial lakes. Thawing of permafrost also affects biodiversity and may accelerate climate change through release of CO2 and CH4 from arctic permafrost areas. No publisher marxxand cryosphere bore hole measurement surface temperature climate change borehole measurement permafrost temperature 2012-11-19T16:48:32+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/glaciers-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The vast majority of glaciers in the European glacial regions are in retreat. Glaciers in the European Alps have lost approximately two thirds of their volume since 1850, with clear acceleration since the 1980s. Glacier retreat is expected to continue in the future. The volume of European glaciers has been estimated to decline between 22 and 66 % compared to the current situation by 2100 under a business-as-usual emission scenario. Glacier retreat contributes to sea-level rise and it affects freshwater supply and run off regimes, river navigation, irrigation and power generation. It may also cause natural hazards and damage to infrastructure. No publisher marxxand Europe europe cryosphere glacier climate change mass-balance glaciers Climate change 2012-11-19T16:38:14+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenland-ice-sheet-1/assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The Greenland ice sheet is the largest body of ice in the Northern Hemisphere and plays an important role in the cryosphere. It changed in the 1990s from being in near mass balance to losing about 100 billion tonnes of ice per year. Ice losses have since then more than doubled to 250 billion tonnes a year averaged over 2005 to 2009. The contribution of ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet to global sea-level rise is estimated at 0.14–0.28 mm/year for the period 1993–2003 and has since increased. The recent melting of the Greenland ice sheet is estimated to have contributed up to 0.7 mm a year to sea-level rise, which is approximately one quarter of the total sea-level rise of about 3.1 mm/year. Model projections suggest further declines of the Greenland ice sheet in the future but the processes determining the rate of change are still poorly understood. No publisher jaeckgre mass balance Greenland Ice Sheet cryosphere Greenland cumulated melt area Climate change ice sheet 2012-11-19T15:54:47+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/decapod-abundance-in-the-central-north-sea-1950-2005?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Left: year vs No publisher alec Access is managed by the owner mentioned below. Please contact the owner for more information about their data policy. decapod CLIM CLIM014 2008-10-23T17:10:00+02:00 EEAFigure http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/water-temperature/water-temperature-assessment-published-sep-2008?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic During the last century the water temperature of some European rivers and lakes increased by 1-3 o C, mainly as a result of air temperature increase, but also locally due to increased inputs of heated cooling water from power plants. In line with the projected increases in air temperature, lake surface water temperatures may be around 2 o C higher by 2070. No publisher alec CLIM2008 climate change lakes river CLIM019 water temperature 2008-09-08T00:00:00+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/temperature-extremes-in-europe/temperature-extremes-in-europe-assessment?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Extremes of cold have become less frequent in Europe while warm extremes have become more frequent. The frequency of hot days almost tripled between 1880 and 2005. For Europe as a whole heat waves are projected to increase in frequency, intensity and duration, whereas winter temperature variability and the number of cold and frost extremes are projected to decrease further. The European regions projected to be most affected are the Iberian Peninsula, central Europe including the Alps, the eastern Adriatic seaboard, and southern Greece. No publisher alec Qol2009 climate temperature climate change frost global warming CLIM003 heat CLIM2008 2008-09-08T00:00:00+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/sea-surface-temperature/sea-surface-temperature-assessment-published?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Sea surface temperature (SST) in European seas is increasing more rapidly than in the global oceans. The rate of increase is higher in the northern European seas and lower in the Mediterranean Sea. The rate of increase in sea surface temperature in all European seas during the past 25 years has been about 10 times faster than the average rate of increase during more than the past century. The rate of increase observed in the past 25 years is the largest ever measured in any previous 25 year period. No publisher alec climate change CLIM013 CLIM2008 sea sea surface 2008-09-08T00:00:00+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/northward-movement-of-marine-species/northward-movement-of-marine-species?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Increases in regional sea temperatures have triggered a major northward movement of warmer-water plankton in the north-east Atlantic and a similar retreat of colder-water plankton to the north. This northerly movement is about 10 o latitude (1 100 km) over the past 40 years, and it seems to have accelerated since 2000. This will have an impact on the distribution of fish in the region. Many species of fish and plankton have shifted their distributions northward. Sub-tropical species are occurring with increasing frequency in European waters and sub-Arctic species are receding northwards. The rate of northward movement of a particular species, the silvery john dory, has been estimated at about 50 km/year. Changes in the geographic distribution of some species of fish have been observed and may affect the management of fisheries. Fisheries regulations in the EU include allocations of quotas based on historic catch patterns, and these may need to be revised. No publisher alec North Sea CLIM2008 climate change fish CLIM015 plankton marine 2008-09-08T00:00:00+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/mountain-permafrost/mountain-permafrost-assessment-published-sep-2008?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic A warming of mountain permafrost in Europe of 0.5-1.0 o C was observed during the past 10-20 years. Present and projected atmospheric warming will likely lead to wide-spread thaw of mountain permafrost. Warming and melting of permafrost is expected to contribute to increasing the destabilization of mountain rock-walls, the frequency of rock falls, debris flow activity and geotechnical and maintenance problems in high-mountain infrastructure. No publisher alec climate change permafrost CLIM011 CLIM2008 mountain 2008-09-08T00:00:00+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/marine-phenology/marine-phenology-assessment-published-sep-2008?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic Temperature increases in the ocean have caused many marine organisms in European seas to appear earlier in their seasonal cycles than in the past. For example, some species have moved forward in their seasonal cycle by 4-6 weeks. Changes in the timing of seasonal cycles have important consequences for the way organisms within an ecosystem interact and ultimately for the structure of marine food-webs at all trophic levels. The consequences include: - increased vulnerability of North Sea cod stocks to over-fishing; - decline in seabird populations. Marine species may be able to adapt genetically to changed conditions. However, with the current pace of climate warming this may be hampered because genetic changes require several reproductive cycles to occur. No publisher alec decapod CLIM CLIM014 2008-09-08T00:00:00+02:00 Indicator Assessment http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/lake-and-river-ice-cover/lake-and-river-ice-cover?utm_source=EEASubscriptions&utm_medium=RSSFeeds&utm_campaign=Generic The duration of ice cover in the northern hemisphere has shortened at a mean rate of 12 days per century, resulting from an average 5.7 days later ice cover and 6.3 days earlier ice break-up.  The strongest trends in northern Europe are in the timing of ice break-up which is consistent with the fastest warming in winter and spring.  The ice cover of lakes with mean winter temperature close to zero is much more dependent on temperature change than lakes in colder regions such as northern Scandinavia. No publisher alec CLIM2008 CLIM020 climate change lakes ice ice cover river 2008-09-08T00:00:00+02:00 Indicator Assessment