Trichoptera taxa are species with restricted distribution ('endemic species'), species inhabiting the crenal zone (springs), that cannot move further upstream, and species adapted to low water temperatures (cold stenothermy) in European ecoregions
A distinct south-west to north-east gradient is seen: in all ecoregions of north-east Europe the proportion of sensitive taxa is less than 10 %, compared with 51.7 % on the Iberian Peninsula and 42.3 % in Italy. The proportion in Balkan ecoregions and high mountain ranges (Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians) is more than 25 %.
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