| Country | 1990-2013 |
|---|---|
| Romania | -7.6 |
| Estonia | -6.5 |
| Slovakia | -4.3 |
| Lithuania | -4.1 |
| Bulgaria | -4.0 |
| Poland | -3.3 |
| Czech Republic | -3.0 |
| Ireland | -2.6 |
| Latvia | -2.8 |
| Luxembourg | -2.4 |
| Hungary | -2.2 |
| United Kingdom | -2.1 |
| Norway | -1.7 |
| Sweden | -2.0 |
| Belgium | -2.0 |
| Germany | -1.7 |
| Malta | -1.5 |
| EU28 | -1.6 |
| Denmark | -1.2 |
| Croatia | -1.2 |
| Finland | -1.0 |
| Netherlands | -1.0 |
| France | -0.9 |
| Slovenia | -0.9 |
| Cyprus | -1.0 |
| Spain | -0.5 |
| Austria | -0.4 |
| Italy | -0.3 |
| Greece | -0.5 |
| Portugal | -0.1 |
| Turkey | 0.0 |
| Iceland | -2.3 |