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Late lessons II Chapter 17 - Ecosystems and managing the dynamics of change
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Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation
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Chapters
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Water management in Europe faces rising challenges as ecosystems weaken
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Water pollution and excessive water use are still harming ecosystems, which are indispensable to Europe’s food, energy, and water supplies. To maintain water ecosystems, farming, planning, energy and transport sectors need to actively engage in managing water within sustainable limits.
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News
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River floods (CLIM 017) - Assessment published Nov 2012
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More than 325 major river floods have been reported for Europe since 1980, of which more than 200 have been reported since 2000.
The rise in the reported number of flood events over recent decades results mainly from better reporting and from land-use changes
Global warming is projected to intensify the hydrological cycle and increase the occurrence and frequency of flood events in large parts of Europe. However, estimates of changes in flood frequency and magnitude remain highly uncertain. In regions with reduced in snow accumulation during winter, the risk of early spring flooding would decrease.
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Data and maps
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Indicators
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River floods
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River flow drought (CLIM 018) - Assessment published Nov 2012
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Europe has been affected by several major droughts in recent decades, such as the catastrophic drought associated with the 2003 summer heat wave in central parts of the continent and the 2005 drought in the Iberian Peninsula.
Severity and frequency of droughts appear to have increased in parts of Europe, in particular in southern Europe.
Regions most prone to an increase in drought hazard are southern and south-eastern Europe, but minimum river flows will also decrease significantly in many other parts of the continent, especially in summer.
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Data and maps
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Indicators
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River flow drought
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Water scarcity and drought events in Europe during the last decade
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The map shows the main drought events in Europe in 2002 - 2011
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Data and maps
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Maps and graphs
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Development of Ecological Footprint and Available Biocapacity per capita in EEA Member Countries
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The ecological footprint is a measure of the area needed to support a population's lifestyle. This includes the consumption of food, fuel, wood, and fibres. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide emissions, is also counted as part of the footprint. Biocapacity measures how biologically productive land is. It is measured in 'global hectares': a hectare with the world average biocapacity. Biologically productive land includes cropland, pasture, forests and fisheries
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Data and maps
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Maps and graphs
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Turning the urban challenge into an opportunity
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Copenhagen, 2 July 2011. Up to 150 mm of rainfall in two hours – a city record since measurements began in the mid-1800s. Homes destroyed. Citizens and emergency services struggled to cope. This is one example of how excessive extreme weather events can affect a European capital – events that are expected more often under climate change.
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Articles
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Green infrastructure and territorial cohesion
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The concept of green infrastructure and its integration into policies using monitoring systems
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Publications
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Forests, health and climate change
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Urban green spaces, forests for cooler cities and healthier people
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Publications
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CityBEES
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In Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, millions of Honey bees are working hard for the city. These busy employees provide not only delicious honey to city people, but a blooming environment in the parks and greens around the capital.
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The Environmental Atlas
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City bees
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Video