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Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published with invalid published date
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Total primary energy intensity in the EU-27 decreased by 1.5% per year from 1990 to 2010. In 2010, the total primary energy intensity in the EU-27 was 26% below the 1990 level.
In 2010, the economic growth of the EU-27 rebounded (+2.2% compared to 2009) and energy consumption increased even more rapidly (+3.3% compared to 2009). As a consequence, total primary energy intensity increased in 2010 for the first time since 2003 (+1.1%).
Over the period 2005-2010, the primary energy intensity decreased by 1.6%/year in the EU-27, but this includes the effect of the significant reduction in primary energy consumption and GDP during 2009.
In non-EU EEA countries, the primary energy intensity was in 2010 roughly at the same level as in 1990; however, between 2005 and 2010, the primary energy intensity increased by 1.5%/year in these countries.
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Total primary energy intensity
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Land take (CSI 014) - Assessment DRAFT created Apr 2013
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Land take by the expansion of residential areas and construction sites is the main cause of the increase in the coverage of urban land at the European level. Agricultural zones and, to a lesser extent, forests and semi-natural and natural areas, are disappearing in favour of the development of artificial surfaces. This affects biodiversity since it decreases habitats, the living space of a number of species, and fragments the landscapes that support and connect them. The annual land take in European countries assessed by 2006 Corine land cover project (EEA39 except Greece) was 107 968 ha/year in 2000-2006. In 21 countries covered by both periods (1990-2000 and 2000-2006) the annual land take decreased by 9 % in the later period. The composition of land taken areas changed, too. More arable land and permanent crops and less pastures and mosaic farmland were taken by artificial development then in 1990-2000. Identified trends are expected to change little when next assessment for 2006-2012 becomes available in 2014.
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Land take
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Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 021) - Assessment published Mar 2013
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In 2010, the highest concentrations of oxidized nitrogen were found in the Baltic Sea, in the Gulf of Riga and Kiel Bay, and in Belgian, Dutch and German coastal waters in the Greater North Sea. Reported stations in the Northern Spanish and Croatian coastal waters also showed high concentration levels. The highest orthophosphate concentrations were found in the Baltic Sea, in the Gulf of Riga and Kiel Bay, and in Irish, Belgian, Dutch and German coastal waters in the Greater North Sea. Coastal stations along Northern Spain and Southern France also showed high concentration levels.
Between 1985 and 2010, overall nutrient concentrations have been either stable or decreasing in stations reported to the EEA in the Greater North Sea, Celtic Seas and in the Baltic Sea. However, this decrease has been more pronounced for nitrogen. Assessments for the overall Mediterranean and Black Sea regions were not possible, data only being available for stations in France and Croatia.
For oxidized nitrogen concentrations, 14% of all the reported stations showed decreasing trends, whereas only 2% showed increasing trends. Decreases were most evident in the Baltic Sea (coastal waters of Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Finland, and open waters) and in southern part of the coast of the Greater North Sea. Increasing trends were mainly found in Croatian coastal stations.
For orthophosphate concentrations, 10% of all the reported stations showed a decrease. This was most evident in coastal and open water stations in the Greater North Sea, and in coastal stations in the Baltic Sea. Increasing orthophosphate trends, observed in 6% of the reported stations, were mainly detected in Irish, Danish and Finnish coastal waters (Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia) and in open waters of the Baltic Proper.
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Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters
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Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 023) - Assessment published Mar 2013
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In 2010, the highest summer chlorophyll-a concentrations were observed in coastal areas and estuaries where nutrient concentrations are also generally high (see CSI 021 Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters). These include the Gulf of Riga, Gulf of Gdansk, Gulf of Finland and along the German coast in the Baltic Sea, coastal areas in Belgium and The Netherlands in the Greater North Sea and in few locations along the coast of Ireland and France in the Celtic Seas and Bay of Biscay, respectively. High chlorophyll concentrations were also observed along the Gulf of Lions and in Montenegro coastal waters in the Mediterranean Sea, and along Romanian coastal waters in the Black Sea. Low summer chlorophyll concentrations were mainly observed in the Kattegat and open sea stations in the Greater North Sea, and in open sea stations in southern Baltic Sea.
Between 1985 to 2010, decreasing chlorophyll concentrations (showed in 8% of all the stations in the European seas reported to the EEA) were predominantly found along the southern coast of the Greater North Sea, along the Finnish coast in the Bothnian Bay in the Baltic Sea and in a few stations in the Western Mediterranean Sea and Adriatic Sea. In the Black Sea, it was not possible to make an overall assessment due to the lack of time series data. Increasing concentrations (observed in 5% of the reported stations) were generally observed in coastal locations in the Northern Baltic Sea but also in the open sea stations outside the north of the Celtic Seas. Most stations (87%) however showed no changes over time.
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Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters
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Total Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel (CSI 029/ENER 026) - Assessment DRAFT created Dec 2012
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In 2010, in the EU-27, gross inland consumption increased by 3.3 % due to the mild economic recovery. This represents 5.6 % above the level in 1990 but 3.6 % below the level in 2005. In the EEA, gross inland consumption increased by 3.6 % in 2010 which is 9.2 % above the level in 1990 and 1.9 % below the level in 2005. In the non-EU EEA countries gross inland consumption increased by 69.4 % between 1990 and 2010.The main reason behind the difference in the trend for this group of countries is as a result of the large increase in gross inland consumption observed in Turkey and to a certain extent in Norway.
Fossil fuels continue to dominate total gross energy consumption in EU-27, but their share is declining: from 83.1 % in 1990 to 76.4 % in 2010. The share of renewable energy sources more than doubled over the period, from 4.3 % in 1990 to 9.8 % in 2010, increasing at an annual rate of 4.5%/year. The annual growth during 2005-2010 has been much quicker at 8.2 %/year. The share of nuclear energy in total gross inland consumption increased slightly, to 13.5% in 2010 from 12.3 % in 1990.
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Total Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel
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Intensity of land take 2000 - 2006
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Based on Corine Land Cover 2006 and changes between 2000 and 2006, the map shows the land take distribution and intensity for development of urban and other artificial area
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Final energy consumption by sector (CSI 027/ENER 016) - Assessment published Feb 2013
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Between 1990 and 2010, the final energy consumption in the EU-27 increased by 7.1% (10.2% in EEA countries) at an annual average rate of 0.3% (0.5% for EEA countries).The final energy consumption in EU-27 decreased by 3.2% between 2005 and 2010 (2.1% in EEA countries). The services sector was the sector with the fastest growing energy consumption (41.4% over the period 1990-2010 and 12.2% over the period 2005-2010). Final energy consumption in the transport sector in 2010 was 29.8% higher than 1990 levels but the sector registered a 0.5 % fall in energy consumption between 2009 and 2010 despite signs of mild economic recovery. Over the same period (1990-2010), household final energy consumption increased by 12.4% while final consumption in industry fell by 20.5%. Overall, in the last year, final energy consumption in EU-27 increased, but still remained below the level in 2006 (the year where energy consumption peaked in Europe). On average, one person in the EEA countries used 2.2 tonnes of oil equivalent to meet their energy needs in 2010.
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Final energy consumption by sector
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Urban waste water treatment (CSI 024) - Assessment published Jan 2013
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Wastewater treatment in all parts of Europe has improved during the last 15-20 years. The percentage of the population connected to wastewater treatment in the Southern, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe has increased over the last ten years. Latest values of population connected to wastewater treatment in the Southern countries are comparable to the values of Central and Northern countries, whereas the values of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe are still relatively low compared to Central and Northern Europe.
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Urban waste water treatment
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Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (CSI 013) - Assessment published Jan 2013
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The global average concentrations of various greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have reached the highest levels ever recorded, and concentrations are increasing. The combustion of fossil fuels from human activities and land-use changes are largely responsible for this increase.
The concentration of all GHGs, including cooling aerosols that are relevant in the context of the 2 o C temperature target, reached a value of 403 ppm CO 2 equivalents in 2010, exceeding the 400 ppm for first time.
The concentration in 2010 of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) included in the Kyoto Protocol has reached 444 ppm CO 2 equivalent, an increase of 165 ppm (around +60 %) compared to pre-industrial levels.
The concentration of CO 2 , the most important greenhouse gas, reached a level of 389 ppm by 2010, and further increased to 391 ppm in 2011. This is an increase of approximately 112 ppm (around +40 %) compared to pre-industrial levels.
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Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations
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Municipal waste generation (CSI 016/waste 001) - Assessment DRAFT created Jan 2013
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One of the most important objectives of the EU policy is to decouple waste generation from economic growth. Data shows that Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation in the EU-27 has been stabilising since 2000 albeit at a high level of around 520 kg/capita. However, MSW generation went down to 513 kg/capita in 2010, probably an effect of the economic downturn starting in 2008.
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Municipal waste generation
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