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Transport final energy consumption by mode (TERM 001) - Assessment published Jan 2013
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Between 1990 and 2007, annual transport energy consumption in the EU-27 showed continual growth. However, this trend reversed in 2008 as the effects of the economic recession brought about three years of negative growth. Between 2007 and 2009, total energy demand in the transport sector declined by 4.2%. The most recent published data for 2010 indicates a bottoming out of this recent decline with a drop in energy demand between 2009 and 2010 of just 0.3%. Preliminary estimates for 2011 hint on a return to growth in transport energy demand with a minor increase of 0.1% over 2011.
Outside the EU‑27, over the last decade Switzerland's growth in road transport energy use has been below the EU‑27 average, while its rail energy use has increased compared to an average reduction across the EU‑27. By contrast, Norway and particularly Turkey have seen road transport energy use grow faster than the EU‑27 while Turkey's rail energy use has fallen substantially more than in EU‑27 Member States.
The shipping sector saw the greatest decline in energy consumption during the recession; bunkers dropped by 10 % in 2009 compared to 2007, reflecting weak consumer demand. However, this was also the first transport sector to see a return to growth; over 1% between 2009 and 2010. Combined energy use for aviation, rail and shipping has reduced by 5.2 % between 2007 and 2011. The greatest reduction was for domestic navigation (10.2 %), followed by aviation (5.7 %) and rail (5.3 %). Road transport represents the largest energy consumer, accounting for 72 % of total demand in 2011. It has also been the least affected by the economic downturn, falling by only 3.9 % between 2007 and 2011.
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Transport final energy consumption by mode
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Final energy consumption by transport modes between 1990-2010 in EU27 (Mega tonnes of oil equivalent)
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The total energy consumption in transport in Mtoe from 1990 onwards. Transport modes included are bunkers (sea), air transport (domestic and international), inland navigation, rail transport and road transport (split by passenger and freight). The most recent year is an extrapolation based on monthly fuel deliveries.
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Final energy consumption intensity (ENER 021) - Assessment published Jan 2013
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Over the period 1990-2010, the EU-27 final energy intensity has decreased by 25% at an annual average rate of 1.4%/year. Since 2005, the reduction was slightly higher (1.5%/year), with a stronger decoupling in the agriculture and industrial sectors where the energy intensity has decreased by 2.6%/year and 2.1%/year respectively. In the service and transport sectors the final energy consumption intensities have decreased by 1.3%/year and 0.9%/year since 2005. In the household sector, the final energy consumption per capita was in 2010 almost at the same level as in 2005, as result of counterbalancing effects: larger and more numerous dwellings, greater ownership of electrical appliances on the one hand and energy efficiency improvements on the other hand. Over the period 1990-2010, the final energy intensity in non-EU EEA countries has decreased by 8.5% at an annual average growth rate of 0.4%/year.
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Final energy consumption intensity
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Renewable electricity as a percentage of gross electricity consumption, 2010
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The renewable electricity directive (2001/77/EC) defines renewable electricity as the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in total electricity consumption. The latter includes imports and exports of electricity. The electricity generated from pumping in hydropower plants is included in total electricity consumption but it is not included as a renewable source of energy.
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Renewable electricity (CSI 031/ENER 030) - Assessment DRAFT created Jan 2013
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In 2010, the share of renewable electricity in gross electricity production in the EU-27 was 21.5 % compared to 13% in 1990. Renewable electricity grew at an annual average growth rate of 3.8 % since 1990 but the speed almost doubled since 2005 (6.9%/year). In 2010, hydropower accounted for 12.8% in the overall electricity production, followed by wind 4.5%, biomass and wastes 2.6%, 0.7% for other biogas and liquid biofuels and for photovoltaic and 0.2% for geothermal. 2010 is the target year of the renewable electricity directive and overall the EU-27 exceeded the target of 21.0 % of renewable electricity in gross electricity production by 0.5%.
At the member state level, 15 countries met the indicative national target. In light of the Renewable Energy Directive, much more needs to be done to continue increasing renewable electricity generation in the EU to achieve targets set for 2020.
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Renewable electricity
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Share of renewable electricity in gross electricity production (%) 1990-2010 and 2010 indicative targets
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The renewable electricity share in Norway is above 100% in some years because a part of the (renewable) electricity generated domestically is exported to other countries. No data is available for Iceland or Liechtenstein.
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Renewable energy in gross inland energy consumption (CSI 030/ENER 029) - Assessment DRAFT created Jan 2013
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The share of renewable energy sources in gross inland energy consumption (GIEC) increased in the EU-27 from 4.2% in 1990 to 9.8% in 2010. The main contributor was biomass and wastes (6.7% of the GIEC in 2010), followed by hydro (1.8%) and wind (0.7%). The gross inland energy consumption from renewable increased at an annual average rate of 4.6%/year over the period 1990-2010 and accelerated (8.2%/year) from 2005 to 2010 (+12.7% in 2010). In 2010, the share of renewable energy in total gross inland energy consumption in EU-15 was 9.9%, which means that the 12% target of renewable by 2010 has not been reached.
In non EU EEA countries the share of renewable in gross inland energy consumption reached 19.8% in 2010. The gross inland energy consumption from renewable increased at an annual average growth rate of 1.4%/year. In these countries, there is also an acceleration in renewable energy consumption since 2005 (by 2.8%/year on average), but the total gross inland consumption continues to grow much faster (3.8%/year).
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Renewable energy in gross inland energy consumption
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Share of renewable energy in total gross inland energy consumption (in %)
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The table shows the share of renewable energy in total gross energy inland consumption (in %)
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Share of RE in GEIC, compared to target in COM(97) 599 final (%, in 2010)
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The figure shows the share of Renewable Energy (RE) in Gross inland energy consumption (GEIC), compared to target in COM(97) 599 final (%, in 2010)
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Annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27
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The figure shows the annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27
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