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Emission trends of ammonia (EEA member countries, EU-27 Member States)
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The with measures (WM) projections reported by Member States take into account currently implemented and adopted policies and measures
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Exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone (CSI 005) - Assessment published May 2012
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Eutrophication The magnitude of the risk of
ecosystem eutrophication and its geographical coverage has diminished
only slightly over the years. The predictions for 2010 and 2020 indicate
that the risk is still widespread over Europe. This is in conflict with
the EU's long-term objective of not exceeding critical loads of
airborne acidifying and eutrophying substances in sensitive ecosystem
areas (National Emission Ceilings Directive, 6th Environmental Action
Programme, Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution).
Acidification The situation has considerably
improved and it is predicted to improve further. The interim
environmental objective for 2010 (National Emission Ceilings Directive)
will most likely not be met completely. However, the European ecosystem
areas where the critical load will be exceeded is predicted to have
declined by more than 80 % in 2010 with 1990 as a base year. By 2020, it
is expected that the risk of ecosystem acidification will only be an
issue at some hot spots, in particular at the border area between the
Netherlands and Germany.
Ozone (O 3 ) Most
vegetation and agricultural crops are exposed to ozone levels exceeding the
long-term objective given in the EU Air Quality Directive. A significant
fraction is also exposed to levels above the 2010 target value defined in the
Directive. Concentrations in 2008 were on the average higher than in 2007. The
effect-related accumulated concentrations, addressing exposure of crops to
ozone over several summer months, shows large year-to-year variations, there is
a non-significance tendency to increase.
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Exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone
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Contribution to total change in PAH emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2007 (EEA member countries)
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions
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Change in emissions of sulphur dioxide compared with the 2010 NECD and Gothenburg protocol targets (EEA member countries)
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Data are for sulphur dioxide (SO2). Gothenburg protocol targets are shown for the non-EU countries (e.g. Switzerland and Norway).
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Annual mean NO2 concentration observed at (sub)urban background stations, EEA member countries, 1997-2008
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Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Turkey are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit and/or lack of air quality data.
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Percentage of population resident in urban areas potentially exposed to NO2 concentration levels exceeding the annual limit value, EEA member countries, 1997-2007
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The annual mean limit value is 40 µg NO2/m3. Over the years 1997-2007 the total population, for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 54 to 113 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting air quality data under the Exchange of Information Decision.
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36th highest 24-hour mean PM10 concentration observed at urban background stations, EEA member countries, 1997-2007
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Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations.
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Percentage of ecosystem area at risk of eutrophication for EEA Member Countries and EEA Cooperating Countries in 2020 for a maximum feasible reduction (MFR) scenario
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The results were computed using the 2008 Critical Loads database. Deposition data was made available by the LRTAP Convention EMEP Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling (CIAM) at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in autumn 2007.
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Distance to target for EEA member countries
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Data are for NMVOC emissions. The 'distance to target' results are shown in green (countries need to do more to be on track to meet their ceiling in 2010) and purple (countries are on track to meet their ceiling in 2010). Gothenburg protocol targets are used for the non-EU countries without a NEC Directive target. Neither Iceland nor Turkey has signed the Gothenburg protocol. Liechtenstein has signed but not yet ratified the Gothenburg protocol.
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Change in emissions of nitrogen oxides compared with the 2010 NECD and Gothenburg protocol targets (EEA member countries)
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Data are for NOx emissions. Gothenburg protocol targets are shown for the non-EU countries (e.g. Switzerland and Norway). Neither Iceland nor Turkey has signed the Gothenburg protocol. Liechtenstein has signed but not yet ratified the Gothenburg protocol. Emission data are not available for Liechtenstein.
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