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Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published Apr 2008: Economic growth has required less additional energy consumption over the 1990s, although total energy consumption is still increasing. Thus, there has been a relative decoupling but not an absolute decoupling. The average EU citizen uses 3.7 tonnes of oil equivalent per year, although this varies widely across countries.
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Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published Sep 2010: Between 1990 and 2007, economic growth in Europe required increasing but less and less energy inputs. Total energy consumption increased until 2004 and stabilized all the way through 2006. In 2007 there was an absolute decoupling of economic growth and energy consumption, with the latter decreasing by 1.1% compared to 2006 while GDP continued to grow. Over the period 1990-2007, GDP grew at an annual average rate of 2.2% and total energy consumption at an annual average rate of 0.5%. As a result, total energy intensity in the EU fell at an annual average rate of 1.7%.
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Trends in total energy intensity, gross domestic product and total energy consumption, EU-27: Total energy consumption in the EU-27 grew at an average annual rate of 0.4 % over the period from 1990 to 2008, while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in constant prices grew at an average annual rate of 2.1 % during the same period. As a result, total energy intensity in the EU-27 fell at an average rate of 1.6 % per year.
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Total energy intensity 1995-2008 (index 1995=100), relative energy intensity (as PPS) and per capita consumption: There are significant differences in total energy intensity within the EU-27 Member States, with the highest values in Bulgaria, Estonia and Finland – due to the presence of large energy intensive industries like steel and cement industries and the lowest in Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Malta (when compared at Purchasing Power Standards) - partly explained by a relatively large services sector and small industry sector.
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Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published Aug 2011: Between 1990 and 2007, economic growth in Europe required increasing but less and less energy inputs. Total energy consumption increased until 2004 and stabilized all the way through 2006. In 2008 there was an absolute decoupling of economic growth and energy consumption, with the latter decreasing by 0.5% compared to 2007 while GDP continued to grow. Over the period 1990-2008, GDP grew at an annual average rate of 2.1% and total energy consumption at an annual average rate of 0.4%. As a result, total energy intensity in the EU fell at an annual average rate of 1.6%
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Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published Apr 2012: Total energy intensity decreased by 1.6% from 1990 to 2009 in the EU-27. Since 2005 the intensity decrease more rapidly, by 2.2%/year on average. In 2009, the global economic crisis led to a significant drop in total energy consumption (-5.5%) in the EU-27 with the GDP decreasing by 4.3%: this resulted in a 1.3% decrease in the total primary intensity In non EU EEA countries the primary energy intensity has been on average quite stable over the period 1990-2009; it however increased in the recent years, by 1.4%/year over 2005-2009 (+1.4%/year).
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Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published with invalid published date: Total primary energy intensity in the EU-27 decreased by 1.5% per year from 1990 to 2010. In 2010, the total primary energy intensity in the EU-27 was 26% below the 1990 level. In 2010, the economic growth of the EU-27 rebounded (+2.2% compared to 2009) and energy consumption increased even more rapidly (+3.3% compared to 2009). As a consequence, total primary energy intensity increased in 2010 for the first time since 2003 (+1.1%). Over the period 2005-2010, the primary energy intensity decreased by 1.6%/year in the EU-27, but this includes the effect of the significant reduction in primary energy consumption and GDP during 2009. In non-EU EEA countries, the primary energy intensity was in 2010 roughly at the same level as in 1990; however, between 2005 and 2010, the primary energy intensity increased by 1.5%/year in these countries.
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Total primary energy intensity: Total energy intensity is the ratio between the gross inland consumption of energy (or total energy consumption) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) calculated for a calendar year. The gross inland consumption of energy is calculated as the sum of the gross inland consumption of the five sources of energy: solid fuels, oil, gas, nuclear and renewable sources. To monitor trends, GDP is in constant prices to avoid the impact of inflation, base year 2000. Units: Gross inland energy consumption is measured in 1000 tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe) and GDP in million Euro at 2000 market prices. To make comparisons of trends across countries more meaningful, the indicator is presented as an index. For country comparisons, two additional columns are included to show the actual energy intensity in GDP in purchasing power standards for the latest available year, and also the energy intensity in terms of consumption per capita.
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