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Agricultural area (in 1 000 km2) in EEA member countries for each exposure class: Iceland, Switzerland and Turkey have not been included in the analysis either because no ozone data from rural stations or no detailed land cover data is available.
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Country-wise ecosystem damage for acidity in Europe, 2000-2010: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs
Country-wise ecosystem damage area for acidification in Europe, 1995-2010: Data source of deposition-data used to calculate exceedances: EMEP/MSC-W
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Critical load exceedance for nitrogen (SEBI 009) - Assessment published May 2010: Nitrogen emissions and deposition of nitrogen compounds have decreased since 1990 but relatively little compared to sulphur emissions. Agriculture and transport are the main sources of nitrogen pollution (EEA, 2007c). In addition, nitrogen components can lead to eutrophication of ecosystems. When this pollution exceeds certain levels ('critical load'), it is damaging to biodiversity. Critical load exceedance is still significant (1) . (1) The critical load of nutrient nitrogen is defined as 'the highest deposition of nitrogen as NOX and/or NHY below which harmful effects in ecosystem structure and function do not occur according to present knowledge' (ICP, M&M, 2004).
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Exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone (version 1) (CSI 005) - Assessment published Nov 2005: Eutrophication has fallen slightly since 1980. However, only limited further improvement is expected by 2010 with current plans. There have been clear reductions in acidification of Europe's environment since 1980, but with some tailing off in that improvement after 2000. Most agricultural crops are exposed to ozone levels exceeding the EU long term objective and a significant fraction is exposed to levels above the target value. AOT40 values showed an increasing tendency over the last years.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone (version 1)
Exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone (CSI 005) - Assessment published Dec 2009: Eutrophication The magnitude of the risk of ecosystem eutrophication and its geographical coverage has diminished only slightly over the years. The predictions for 2010 and 2020 indicate that the risk is still widespread over Europe. This is in conflict with the EU's long-term objective of not exceeding critical loads of airborne acidifying and eutrophying substances in sensitive ecosystem areas (National Emission Ceilings Directive, 6th Environmental Action Programme, Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution). Acidification The situation has considerably improved and it is predicted to improve further. The interim environmental objective for 2010 (National Emission Ceilings Directive) will most likely not be met completely. However, the European ecosystem areas where the critical load will be exceeded is predicted to have declined by more than 80 % in 2010 with 1990 as a base year. By 2020, it is expected that the risk of ecosystem acidification will only be an issue at some hot spots, in particular at the border area between the Netherlands and Germany. Ozone (O 3 ) Most vegetation and agricultural crops are exposed to ozone levels exceeding the long term objective given in the EU Air Quality Directive. A significant fraction is also exposed to levels above the 2010 target value defined in the Directive. The effect-related accumulated concentrations, addressing exposure of crops to ozone over several summer months, tend to increase.
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Exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone (CSI 005) - Assessment published Aug 2010: Eutrophication The magnitude of the risk of ecosystem eutrophication and its geographical coverage has diminished only slightly over the years. The predictions for 2010 and 2020 indicate that the risk is still widespread over Europe. This is in conflict with the EU's long-term objective of not exceeding critical loads of airborne acidifying and eutrophying substances in sensitive ecosystem areas (National Emission Ceilings Directive, 6th Environmental Action Programme, Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution). Acidification The situation has considerably improved and it is predicted to improve further. The interim environmental objective for 2010 (National Emission Ceilings Directive) will most likely not be met completely. However, the European ecosystem areas where the critical load will be exceeded is predicted to have declined by more than 80 % in 2010 with 1990 as a base year. By 2020, it is expected that the risk of ecosystem acidification will only be an issue at some hot spots, in particular at the border area between the Netherlands and Germany. Ozone (O 3 ) Most vegetation and agricultural crops are exposed to ozone levels exceeding the long term objective given in the EU Air Quality Directive. A significant fraction is also exposed to levels above the 2010 target value defined in the Directive. Concentrations in 2007 were lower than in 2006. The effect-related accumulated concentrations, addressing exposure of crops to ozone over several summer months, shows large year-to-year variations, there is a non-significance tendency to increase.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone
Agricultural area (in 1 000 km²) in EEA member countries for each exposure class: Due to lack of detailed land cover data and/or rural ozone data Iceland and Norway are not included until 2006 and onwards. Switzerland have not been included in the analysis for the entire period 1996-2007 due to the same reasons. Turkey is not included in the analysis 1996-2008.
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CSI005_fig11_ExposureOfForrestArea_2011.eps: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs › Exposure of forest area to ozone (exposure expressed as AOT40 in (μg/m³).h) in EEA member countries
Estimated trend in AOT40 for crops (May-July) at rural stations operational during the period 1996-2008: Estimated trend in AOT40 for crops values (May-July) at stations operational during the period 1996-2008. Only rural background stations are included. Note that at more than 90 % of the stations no significant up- or downward trend has been estimated.
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